Secondary Economic Activity – Continental / Sub-Continental Region Describe and explain the development of manufacturing industry in a Continental / Sub-Continental region (not in Europe) that you have studied. - Leaving Cert Geography - Question B - 2014

Following independence in 1947, India adopted several industrial policies aimed at promoting manufacturing. The introduction of the Licence Raj system regulated industries to protect small-scale units while encouraging public sector enterprises.

In the early 1990s, India underwent economic liberalization, removing many restrictions on the manufacturing sector. This policy shift led to an influx of foreign direct investment (FDI) and advanced technological integration in various industries.

The manufacturing industry in India has seen substantial growth in sectors like textiles, automobiles, and information technology. The textile industry has benefited from both domestic demand and exports, establishing India as one of the world’s largest textile manufacturers.

The government has invested heavily in infrastructure development, such as roads and ports, which are crucial for efficient manufacturing and distribution processes. This enhancement has facilitated smoother logistics and access to markets.

Recognizing the importance of skilled labor, programs like the Skill India Mission aim to enhance vocational training. This has helped to create a workforce adept in various manufacturing processes, driving productivity.

Initiatives such as 'Make in India' launched in 2014 further stimulate manufacturing by promoting domestic manufacturing and attracting global companies to set up production units.

The adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies has transformed the manufacturing landscape, with automation and smart manufacturing practices significantly improving efficiency and output.

Despite these advancements, the manufacturing sector in India faces challenges, such as regulatory hurdles, labor issues, and competition from other emerging economies. Addressing these challenges is critical for sustaining growth in the industry.