Photo AI
Describe and explain how humans attempt to control one of the following surface processes: - River processes - Sea processes - Mass movement. - Leaving Cert Geography - Question B - 2013
Question B
Describe and explain how humans attempt to control one of the following surface processes: - River processes - Sea processes - Mass movement.
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Describe and explain how humans attempt to control one of the following surface processes: - River processes - Sea processes - Mass movement. - Leaving Cert Geography - Question B - 2013
Step 1
River processes
Answer
To control river processes, humans implement various strategies aimed at managing the flow of water, mitigating flood risks, and maintaining water quality.
1. Dams and Reservoirs
Constructing dams allows for water regulation upstream, helping to prevent flooding during heavy rainfall periods and providing water storage for agricultural and urban use. Additionally, reservoirs can help in sediment management, serving as a buffer for sediment load before it reaches downstream ecosystems.
2. Riverbanks Stabilization
To combat erosion, techniques like planting vegetation along riverbanks are employed. This not only protects the banks but also enhances biodiversity. Hard engineering solutions such as rip-rap or gabions may also be utilized to provide immediate stabilization.
3. Flood Control Channels
Creating flood control channels allows for the diversion of excess water away from populated areas. This method serves to reduce immediate flood risks in vulnerable regions, providing safe passage for water during heavy storms.
4. River Reengineering
Human intervention may involve reengineering river courses to enhance flow rates and reduce flooding. Techniques such as channel straightening and deepening can be employed, but these must be carefully managed to avoid negative ecological impacts.
Step 2
Sea processes
Answer
To manage sea processes, humans utilize a range of coastal engineering techniques aimed at preventing erosion and protecting coastal communities.
1. Sea Walls
Constructing sea walls creates a barrier to protect coastal areas from flooding and erosion caused by storm surges and high waves. These structures help to maintain land integrity and reduce loss of property.
2. Beach Nourishment
This technique involves the artificial addition of sand to beaches, replenishing areas where natural erosion has occurred. Beach nourishment not only protects the coastline but also improves recreational spaces for tourism.
3. Managed Retreat
In some scenarios, moving infrastructures further inland is a proactive strategy against sea level rise and coastal erosion. This method aims to allow natural processes to occur while minimizing human loss and property damage.
4. Groynes and Breakwaters
Installing groynes helps to trap sediment moving along the coast, preventing erosion in specific areas. Breakwaters, on the other hand, create sheltered waters which can protect harbors and beaches from wave action.
Step 3
Mass movement
Answer
Human interaction in controlling mass movement is primarily focused on landslide prevention and mitigating associated risks.
1. Slope Stabilization
Techniques such as terracing and retaining walls can be employed to stabilize slopes and reduce the risk of landslides. Properly designed structures can help maintain soil integrity and manage stormwater effectively.
2. Vegetation Planting
Planting vegetation on slopes enhances soil cohesion and helps absorb excess water, reducing the likelihood of mass movement. Root systems also support the soil, making it more resistant to erosion.
3. Drainage Systems
Installing drainage systems helps to manage water flow and reduce soil saturation, which is a key factor in landslide occurrences. Effective drainage minimizes water buildup and promotes stability.
4. Monitoring and Early Warning Systems
Installing monitoring systems can provide real-time data on soil movement and moisture levels, allowing for early warnings to communities about potential mass movement hazards.