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Human Interaction with Surface Processes Describe and explain how humans attempt to control either river processes or coastal processes or mass movement processes. - Leaving Cert Geography - Question C - 2016
Question C
Human Interaction with Surface Processes Describe and explain how humans attempt to control either river processes or coastal processes or mass movement processes.
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Human Interaction with Surface Processes Describe and explain how humans attempt to control either river processes or coastal processes or mass movement processes. - Leaving Cert Geography - Question C - 2016
Step 1
Identify Control Methods: River Processes
Answer
Humans utilize several methods to control river processes, the most common being the construction of dams. Dams serve multiple purposes such as flood control, water storage for irrigation, and hydroelectric power generation. By regulating the flow of water, they prevent downstream flooding during heavy rainfall and create reservoirs that store water for dry periods.
Another method is the implementation of levees. These earthen barriers are built alongside rivers to protect the surrounding land from flooding. While they can be effective, levees can also create a false sense of security and lead to increased flooding risk if they fail.
Step 2
Provide Example: Dams
Answer
The Hoover Dam is a prime example of river process control. Constructed on the Colorado River, this dam not only generates hydroelectric power but also helps manage water flow and prevent flooding. Additionally, it creates Lake Mead, which serves as a critical water source for several states.
Step 3
Identify Control Methods: Coastal Processes
Answer
In coastal areas, humans often construct sea walls to prevent erosion and protect infrastructure from storm surges. These structures absorb wave energy, reducing the impact of waves on the shoreline. However, they can interfere with natural processes and may lead to increased erosion in adjacent areas.
Beach nourishment is another method used to combat coastal erosion. This involves adding sand to eroded beaches to restore them. While effective for enhancing beach width and aesthetics, it is a temporary solution that requires ongoing maintenance.
Step 4
Provide Example: Sea Walls
Answer
The sea wall at Oceanside, California is a significant example of coastal process control. This structure has been successful in protecting residential areas and businesses from high tides and storm waves, proving its effectiveness as a barrier against coastal erosion.
Step 5
Identify Control Methods: Mass Movement Processes
Answer
To combat mass movement processes, such as landslides, humans implement several strategies. One effective method is the construction of retaining walls. These structures provide support to prevent soil from sliding down slopes, especially in hilly or mountainous areas.
Another solution is the use of vegetation. Planting trees and shrubs can stabilize soil with their root systems, significantly reducing the risk of landslides. Vegetation not only helps to hold soil in place but also improves water absorption, further mitigating mass movement.
Step 6
Provide Example: Retaining Walls
Answer
An example of this method is seen in various hillside communities in California, where retaining walls have been built to support roads and homes on steep slopes, effectively reducing the risk of landslides and providing critical protection for infrastructure.