With the aid of a labelled diagram, examine the processes that have led to the formation of any one Irish landform of your choice – excluding those shown in the above photograph. - Leaving Cert Geography - Question 1 - 2008

The formation of the Giant's Causeway can primarily be attributed to volcanic processes.

1. Volcanic Eruption: Approximately 60 million years ago, during the Paleocene epoch, volcanic eruptions occurred in the region, causing lava to flow rapidly.

2. Cooling and Crystallization: As the lava cooled quickly when exposed to air and seawater, it contracted, resulting in the formation of hexagonal columns. The rapid cooling led to the distinctive shapes seen today.

3. Erosion: Over time, erosive forces, particularly wave action from the Atlantic Ocean, have further exposed the columns and contributed to shaping the landscape.

Include a labelled diagram depicting the Giant's Causeway, illustrating key features such as:

• Basalt Columns: Showing the hexagonal shapes.
• Lava Flow: Indicating the original lava flow paths.
• Erosion Effects: Highlighting areas influenced by wave action.

In addition to volcanic activity, other geological processes have influenced the Giant's Causeway:

• Glacial Activity: Historical glaciation has shaped the surrounding landscape, affecting the distribution of rocks and sediment in the area.

• Mass Movement: Landslips and weathering processes may have contributed to the exposure of the columns through the removal of loose material.