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Landform Development Answer (i) or (ii) - Leaving Cert Geography - Question B - 2016
Question B
Landform Development Answer (i) or (ii). (i) Explain, with the aid of diagrams, the formation of any two landforms. Or (ii) Describe and explain any two processe... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Landform Development Answer (i) or (ii) - Leaving Cert Geography - Question B - 2016
Step 1
Explain, with the aid of diagrams, the formation of any two landforms.
Answer
Introduction
In this section, we will explain the formation of two distinct landforms, namely Glacial Valleys and Sand Dunes. We will provide diagrams to illustrate their formation processes.
Glacial Valleys
- Definition: Glacial valleys are U-shaped valleys created by the erosive power of glaciers.
- Formation Process:
- Erosion: As glaciers advance, they scrape the valley floor and sides, deepening and widening it. This is aided by freeze-thaw weathering, where water enters cracks, freezes, and causes further expansion.
- Diagram:
- Key Features:
- Steep sides
- Flat valley floor
- Hanging valleys (formed where tributary glaciers meet the main glacier)
Sand Dunes
- Definition: Sand dunes are mounds of sand formed by wind action, commonly found in arid environments.
- Formation Process:
- Wind Erosion and Transportation: Wind picks up and carries loose sand particles. When obstructions (like vegetation) are encountered, sand is deposited, creating mounds.
- Diagram:
- Key Features:
- Crescent-shaped (barchan) dunes
- Longitudinal dunes oriented in the direction of prevailing winds
Conclusion
In summary, the formation of glacial valleys involves significant erosion by moving ice, while sand dunes are shaped by wind action. Diagrams enhance the understanding of these processes.
Step 2
Describe and explain any two processes of mass movement.
Answer
Introduction
Mass movement refers to the downward movement of soil and rock due to gravity. We will discuss two processes: Landslides and Mudflows.
Landslides
- Description: Landslides occur when rock or soil suddenly falls down a slope.
- Causes:
- Gravity: The primary force acting on material on a slope.
- Triggering Factors: Heavy rainfall, earthquakes, and human activity can destabilize the slope.
- Explanation: When the force of gravity exceeds the resisting forces of friction and cohesion, a landslide occurs, ejecting material downwards.
Mudflows
- Description: Mudflows are a specific type of landslide that consist of a flow of water-saturated soil and debris.
- Causes:
- Rainfall: Intense rainfall increases water saturation, making the soil heavier and more prone to fail.
- Vegetation Removal: Clearing land for agriculture or development can lead to destabilization.
- Explanation: The excess water reduces friction among the soil particles, causing the material to flow down the slope rapidly, often resulting in significant destruction.
Conclusion
Both landslides and mudflows demonstrate the dynamic nature of mass movement, influenced heavily by environmental factors.