Leaving Cert Geography Rivers: Surface Processes Answer (i) or

Surface Processes Answer (i) or (ii) - Leaving Cert Geography - Question B - 2012

Question B

Surface Processes Answer (i) or (ii). (i) Explain, with the aid of diagrams, the formation of any two different Irish landforms that you have studied. OR (ii) De... show full transcript

Worked Solution & Example Answer:Surface Processes Answer (i) or (ii) - Leaving Cert Geography - Question B - 2012

Step 1

Explain, with the aid of diagrams, the formation of any two different Irish landforms that you have studied.

96%

114 rated

Answer

To explain the formation of two Irish landforms, I will discuss the Cliffs of Moher and the Giant's Causeway using diagrams to illustrate their formation processes.

Cliffs of Moher

The Cliffs of Moher, located on the west coast of Ireland, are a prime example of coastal erosion involving sedimentary rock.

Formation Process:
1. Erosion by Waves: The base of the cliffs is eroded by the persistent wave action of the Atlantic Ocean, which undermines the rock.
2. Notching: Over time, wave action creates notches in the cliff face, leading to the eventual collapse of overhanging sections.
3. Retreat: This continual process causes the cliffs to retreat inland, altering their shape and size.
Diagram: A diagram can illustrate the cliff profile, showing erosion at the base and the height of the cliffs above sea level.

Giant's Causeway

The Giant's Causeway, a UNESCO World Heritage Site located in County Antrim, is famous for its unique hexagonal basalt columns.

Formation Process:
1. Volcanic Activity: Around 50 to 60 million years ago, extensive volcanic activity caused molten lava to rise and erupt.
2. Cooling and Cracking: As the lava cooled and solidified, it contracted and cracked, forming the characteristic hexagonal shapes.
3. Erosion: Over time, erosion exposed these columns, leading to the present-day appearance.
Diagram: A diagram can depict the layers of basalt and the formation of the columns, highlighting the cooling process.

Step 2

Describe and explain any two processes of mass movement.

99%

104 rated

Answer

For this part, I will describe landslides and soil creep as two processes of mass movement.

Landslides

Landslides are sudden and fast movements of rock and soil down a slope.

Process Statement: Landslides occur when gravitational forces exceed the resistance of the slope material.
Key Factors: Factors contributing to landslides include heavy rainfall, earthquakes, and human activities such as deforestation.
Example: An example of a landslide occurred in 2014 in County Donegal, Ireland, where heavy rains triggered a rapid collapse of a hillside.

Soil Creep

Soil creep is a gradual, slow movement of soil down a slope.

Process Statement: It is caused by the repeated expansion and contraction of soil particles, mainly due to freeze-thaw cycles and wetting and drying.
Key Observations: Indicators of soil creep include tilted trees and fences, or the movement of soil and rocks that are noticeable over time.
Example: Soil creep is commonly observed in the mountainous regions of Ireland, where the soil slowly shifts downhill, impacting vegetation and the landscape.