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Surface Processes Answer (i) or (ii) - Leaving Cert Geography - Question B - 2015
Question B
Surface Processes Answer (i) or (ii). (i) Explain, with the aid of diagrams, the formation of any two landforms. or (ii) Describe and explain any two processes o... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Surface Processes Answer (i) or (ii) - Leaving Cert Geography - Question B - 2015
Step 1
Explain, with the aid of diagrams, the formation of any two landforms.
Answer
To explain the formation of two landforms, we will consider the formed Mountain and a Glacial Valley.
1. Formation of Mountains
Overview
Mountains are formed primarily through tectonic forces which fold and uplift the Earth's crust.
Diagram
(Please refer to a labeled diagram showing the tectonic plates and the folded mountain.)
Explanation
- Plate Tectonics: When two continental plates collide, they push against each other, causing the land to rise.
- Erosion: Over time, erosion by wind and water shapes the mountain, creating steep slopes and summits.
- Example: The Himalayas are a prime example of tectonic mountain formation.
2. Formation of Glacial Valleys
Overview
Glacial valleys are formed by the movement of glaciers which carve out the land.
Diagram
(Please refer to a labeled diagram showing a glacier and the U-shaped valley.)
Explanation
- Glacial Movement: As glaciers move, they pick up and transport sediment, creating a U-shaped valley.
- Erosion: The weight and movement of the glacier erode the valley floor and sides, deepening and widening the valley.
- Example: The Yosemite Valley in California showcases the dramatic effects of glacial erosion.
Step 2
Describe and explain any two processes of mass movement.
Answer
Mass movement refers to the downward movement of rock and soil due to gravity.
1. Landslides
Overview
Landslides occur when the stability of a slope is compromised.
Process
- Causes: This can be caused by heavy rainfall, earthquakes, or human activities such as deforestation.
- Mechanics: The excess water saturates the soil, reducing friction and leading to a sudden collapse of the slope.
- Example: The 2014 Oso landslide in Washington State demonstrates the rapidity and destructiveness of landslides.
2. Soil Creep
Overview
Soil creep is a slow, gradual form of mass movement.
Process
- Causes: It usually occurs due to the continuous expansion and contraction of soil due to temperature changes, along with moisture fluctuations.
- Mechanics: The movement is typically imperceptible, but over time, it can lead to noticeable changes in the landscape.
- Example: Evidence of soil creep can often be seen in tilted fences or trees along slopes.