With the aid of a diagram(s), describe and explain how fold mountains are formed. - Leaving Cert Geography - Question 3C - 2020

The second diagram should depict the vertical uplift of folded layers of sedimentary rock. Label the different rock layers and indicate the stresses acting on them.

Fold mountains are primarily formed through the process of continental collision, which occurs when two tectonic plates converge. This ongoing process creates immense pressure that results in the folding of the Earth's crust. Significant forces act on the sedimentary rock layers, compressing them and causing them to buckle upwards, forming various structures such as anticlines and synclines. The height and complexity of the mountain range can increase over millions of years due to ongoing tectonic activity.

An example of fold mountains is the Himalayas, which were formed from the collision of the Indian and Eurasian tectonic plates. This mountainous region continues to rise due to the ongoing tectonic activity.