C. Fold Mountains (i) Name one fold mountain that you have studied - Leaving Cert Geography - Question C - 2012

Fold mountains are formed through the process of tectonic plate movements, specifically when two continental plates collide. This collision exerts tremendous pressure, causing the Earth's crust to buckle and fold.

Formation Process:

1. Tectonic Plates: The movement of tectonic plates is a primary factor in the formation of fold mountains. When two plates, such as the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate, converge, they push against each other.
2. Compression: As these plates push together, the layers of sedimentary rock that sit on the crust experience compression. This compression leads to deformation of the rocks, which begin to fold.
3. Folding: The folded layers can result in various forms, such as anticlines (upward folds) and synclines (downward folds). These structures create rugged mountain landscapes.
4. Uplift: Over millions of years, continued tectonic activity leads to uplifting, where the folded rocks are thrust upwards, forming tall mountain ranges.

Diagram:

(Replace with an actual diagram showing the layers of rock, the tectonic plates, and the formation of folds.)

Conclusion:

The combination of these processes results in the spectacular elevation of fold mountains, characterized by their steep peaks and dramatic cliffs.