Describe and explain what happens at plate boundaries. - Leaving Cert Geography - Question C - 2014

In contrast, convergent boundaries occur where two plates collide. One plate may be forced beneath another in a process known as subduction. This can lead to the formation of mountain ranges and ocean trenches, as well as significant seismic activity.

Transform boundaries happen when two tectonic plates slide past each other horizontally. This movement can cause earthquakes as the friction between the sliding plates builds up and is eventually released.

When two oceanic plates converge, one may subduct beneath the other, leading to the formation of volcanic island arcs. This process can create highly explosive volcanic activity as water from the subducted plate contributes to magma generation.

At continental-continental convergent boundaries, two continental plates collide. Since both plates are buoyant, they crumple instead of subducting, leading to the formation of large mountain ranges, such as the Himalayas.

Subduction zones are areas where one tectonic plate is forced beneath another. These zones are typically associated with deep ocean trenches and are the locations of intense seismic activity and volcanism.

Divergent boundaries can also create rift valleys when continental plates pull apart. This leads to a lowland region that may eventually develop into a new ocean basin if the rifting continues.

All types of plate boundaries are associated with varying levels of earthquake activity. The movement of the plates leads to the release of energy, causing the ground to shake. This activity can be particularly pronounced at transform boundaries.

Volcanic activity is prominently linked to convergent boundaries, especially at subduction zones. The descending plate heats up and generates magma, which can rise to the surface, resulting in volcanic eruptions.

Mid-ocean ridges are underwater mountain ranges formed by divergent boundaries where new oceanic crust is created. This process is accompanied by volcanic activity, leading to the release of lava along the ridge.