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Explain, with the aid of diagrams, the formation of any two landforms. - Leaving Cert Geography - Question 1(i) - 2018
Question 1(i)
Explain, with the aid of diagrams, the formation of any two landforms.
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Explain, with the aid of diagrams, the formation of any two landforms. - Leaving Cert Geography - Question 1(i) - 2018
Step 1
Landform 1: River Valley
Answer
A river valley is formed through the process of erosion by a river. Initially, the river flows over a relatively flat surface. As it flows, it erodes the riverbed, gradually deepening and widening the valley. The action of the flowing water cuts into the riverbanks, leading to the characteristic V-shaped profile of the valley.
Diagram of a River Valley
- Include a diagram showing the river's path, highlighting the eroded areas on both sides.
Formation Explanation
- Downcutting - The river cuts downward due to its velocity, which mainly occurs in the upper stage where the gradient is steep.
- Side Erosion - As the river continues to erode, it starts wearing away at the sides of the valley.
- Transportation of Sediment - The eroded material is carried downstream, contributing to the overall formation of the valley.
Step 2
Landform 2: Sea Cliff
Answer
Sea cliffs are formed primarily by the processes of wave erosion. Waves crashing against the coastline erode the rock and sediment, leading to the steep, vertical faces of the cliff. Over time, this continual erosion results in the retreat of the cliff line.
Diagram of a Sea Cliff
- Include a diagram showing a cross-section of a sea cliff, labeling the wave action and eroded areas.
Formation Explanation
- Wave Action - Strong waves pound against the cliffs, eroding the base and creating a notch.
- Collapse of Overhanging Material - Eventually, the overhanging portion of the cliff may collapse due to the lack of support, causing further retreat.
- Formation of Wave-cut Platforms - As the cliff retreats, flat areas may form at the base, known as wave-cut platforms.