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Human Interaction with Surface Processes Describe and explain how humans attempt to control either river processes or coastal processes or mass movement processes. - Leaving Cert Geography - Question C - 2016
Question C
Human Interaction with Surface Processes Describe and explain how humans attempt to control either river processes or coastal processes or mass movement processes.
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Human Interaction with Surface Processes Describe and explain how humans attempt to control either river processes or coastal processes or mass movement processes. - Leaving Cert Geography - Question C - 2016
Step 1
Control Named: River Processes
Answer
Humans employ various methods to control river processes primarily to mitigate flooding and manage water resources.
Types of Control Measures:
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Dams: Structures built across rivers to control water flow. They create reservoirs that store water, regulate downstream flow, and mitigate flooding risks. A notable example is the Hoover Dam.
- Explanation: Dams not only provide hydroelectric power but also stabilize water levels downstream.
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Levees: Raised barriers built alongside rivers to prevent overflow.
- Example: The levees along the Mississippi River help contain floodwaters.
- Explanation: While effective in controlling floods, they can lead to increased water levels upstream, creating further risks.
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Channelization: Modifying the shape or path of river channels to enhance flow.
- Explanation: This involves straightening or deepening rivers to increase their flow capacity, reducing the risk of flooding.
Positive and Negative Points:
- Positive: Enhanced agricultural irrigation and reduced flood risk in controlled areas.
- Negative: Ecosystem disruption and potential flooding in upstream areas.
Step 2
Control Named: Coastal Processes
Answer
Coastal management involves controlling processes such as erosion and sediment transport to protect infrastructure and ecosystems.
Types of Control Measures:
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Sea Walls: Structures designed to protect shorelines from wave action.
- Explanation: Sea walls absorb and deflect wave energy, protecting coastal areas.
- Example: The sea walls in Brighton, UK, offer protection against tidal surges.
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Groynes: Wooden or stone barriers built at right angles to the shore to trap sand and combat erosion.
- Explanation: By slowing down longshore drift, groynes help maintain beach width.
- Example: The groynes at Scarborough, UK, help maintain beach integrity.
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Beach Nourishment: The process of adding sand to erode beaches.
- Explanation: This method replenishes lost sand and can restore habitats for wildlife.
- Example: Various beaches along Florida's coast have been nourished to counter erosion.
Positive and Negative Points:
- Positive: Protects property and natural habitats.
- Negative: Can be costly and can alter natural coastal dynamics.