Explain with the aid of a labelled diagram(s) the formation of one landform of erosion that you have studied - Leaving Cert Geography - Question B - 2014

To explain the formation of a landform of erosion, I will discuss the formation of a V-shaped valley through river erosion.

Description of V-shaped Valley Formation

A V-shaped valley is typically created by the vertical erosion of a river as it flows through the landscape. The main processes involved include:

1. Downcutting: The river begins its journey by cutting down into the bedrock due to its kinetic energy, which is strongest at the surface level, leading to deeper cutting into the valley. This process is primarily influenced by gravity and the weight of the water.

2. Erosion: Along the banks of the river, hydraulic action, abrasion, and corrosion further erode the valley sides. Hydraulic action occurs when the force of water compresses air in cracks; when the pressure is released, it causes erosion. Abrasion happens when sediment carried by the river scrapes against the banks and bed. Corrosion involves the chemical weathering of the rock by water.

3. Transportation of Sediment: As the river erodes the landscape, it transports the eroded material downstream. This sediment transport leads to further deepening and widening of the valley as the material is carried away.

Diagram

[Insert a labelled diagram of a V-shaped valley showing the river, valley sides, and processes like downcutting and erosion.]

Conclusion

The combination of these processes results in a distinctive V-shape on the valley profile. The steep sides of the valley are a direct outcome of the continuous and dynamic process of river erosion.