Landform Development (i) Explain, with the aid of diagrams, the formation of any two landforms - Leaving Cert Geography - Question B - 2016

Landform 1: Coastal Cliff

1. Landform Named: Coastal Cliff

   • A coastal cliff is a steep face of rock and earth found along coastlines.

2. Diagram:

   • 
     Show two aspects: erosion and vertical sea cliffs.

3. Formation Explained:

   • The formation of a coastal cliff begins with wave action eroding softer rock layers, creating an undercut at the base.
   • As erosion continues, the overlying rock becomes unstable and eventually collapses, contributing to the vertical height of the cliff.
   • This process is further accelerated by weathering, which breaks down rocks at the cliff face.

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Landform 2: V-Shaped Valley

1. Landform Named: V-Shaped Valley

   • A V-shaped valley is characterized by a narrow bottom and steep sides created by river erosion.

2. Diagram:

   • Show two aspects: profile view and cross-section view.

3. Formation Explained:

   • The V-shaped valley forms as a river cuts down into the landscape over time, eroding the rock and soil along its banks.
   • This downward erosion leads to the characteristic V shape as the river meanders through the land, Deepening and widening as it flows.