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Who was more effective in his handling of German affairs, Bismarck or Wilhelm II? Argue your case, referring to both. - Leaving Cert History - Question 1 - 2009
Question 1
Who was more effective in his handling of German affairs, Bismarck or Wilhelm II? Argue your case, referring to both.
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Who was more effective in his handling of German affairs, Bismarck or Wilhelm II? Argue your case, referring to both. - Leaving Cert History - Question 1 - 2009
Step 1
Bismarck's Approach to German Affairs
Answer
Bismarck, as the first Chancellor of Germany, was a master strategist, known for his diplomacy and Realpolitik. His handling of German affairs focused on stability through alliances and balances of power. Key examples include the Bismarckian system of alliances, such as the Triple Alliance with Austria-Hungary and Italy, and the Reinsurance Treaty with Russia, which prevented a two-front war. His ability to navigate complex political landscapes contributed significantly to Germany's initial position in Europe.
Step 2
Wilhelm II's Approach to German Affairs
Answer
In contrast, Wilhelm II's handling of German affairs can be characterized by a more aggressive and less pragmatic approach. His dismissal of Bismarck in 1890 marked a turning point, leading to the unraveling of diplomatic strategies that maintained peace. Wilhelm's pursuit of a 'place in the sun' and naval expansion alienated Britain and stirred tensions with France and Russia, ultimately contributing to Germany's isolation and the instability that led to World War I.
Step 3
Comparative Analysis
Answer
When comparing the two leaders, Bismarck's effectiveness lies in his cautious and calculated diplomacy, which preserved peace and strengthened Germany's position through strategic alliances. In contrast, Wilhelm II’s impulsiveness and focus on imperial ambitions fostered international resentment and conflict. Therefore, based on a careful examination of their respective policies and outcomes, Bismarck emerges as the more effective leader in handling German affairs during his tenure.