Leaving Cert History EUROPE (2) Nation states & international tensions: How did German foreign policy de

Question

How did German foreign policy develop under Bismarck and Wilhelm II?

German foreign policy from 1871 to 1914 was characterized by two significant periods: Bismarck's careful diplomacy and Wilhelm II's more aggressive stance.

Under Bismarck, the focal point of his policy was to maintain peace in Europe while isolating France diplomatically. He achieved this through a series of alliances, such as the Triple Alliance with Austria-Hungary and Italy, and the Reinsurance Treaty with Russia. Bismarck's aim was to deter conflict by ensuring Germany had no two-front war.

However, with the ascension of Wilhelm II in 1888, there was a marked shift in policy. Wilhelm II's desire for Germany to gain a 'place in the sun' led to a more confrontational approach. He allowed the Reinsurance Treaty with Russia to lapse in 1890, which opened the door for France and Russia to form an alliance — a significant strategic error that increased tensions in Europe.

Wilhelm's naval expansion also alienated Britain and heightened naval arms races, culminating in the Entente Cordiale between Britain and France. This shift marked a departure from Bismarck’s pragmatic diplomacy to a more nationalist agenda that ultimately contributed to World War I.

How did German foreign policy develop under Bismarck and Wilhelm II? German foreign policy from 1871 to 1914 was characterized by two significant periods: Bismarck's careful diplomacy and Wilhelm II's more aggressive stance - Leaving Cert History - Question 1 - 2014

Worked Solution & Example Answer:How did German foreign policy develop under Bismarck and Wilhelm II? German foreign policy from 1871 to 1914 was characterized by two significant periods: Bismarck's careful diplomacy and Wilhelm II's more aggressive stance - Leaving Cert History - Question 1 - 2014

Bismarck's Era (1871-1890)

Wilhelm II's Era (1890-1914)

Impact on European Relations

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