During the inter-war years, what were the characteristics of fascist regimes in Europe? - Leaving Cert History - Question 1 - 2019

Fascist regimes in Europe during the inter-war years were characterized by several key features:

1. Totalitarianism: Fascist governments aimed for complete control over public and private life, suppressing dissent through propaganda, censorship, and state-controlled media.

2. Nationalism: A strong emphasis on national identity and unity, often at the expense of minority groups, was fundamental. Fascist leaders portrayed themselves as the nation’s saviors.

3. Militarism: Fascist states glorified the military and often pursued aggressive foreign policies. This glorification of military power was evident in Italy under Mussolini and Germany under Hitler.

4. Anti-Communism: Fascists staunchly opposed communist ideologies and often used violence to persecute leftist groups, asserting that communism was a threat to the social order.

5. Cult of Personality: Leaders such as Hitler and Mussolini cultivated a heroic image, often portrayed as infallible figures guiding the nation.

6. Economic Control: While allowing private property, fascist regimes intervened in the economy to serve state interests, creating a mixed economy where both public and private sectors worked under state direction.