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How were communist governments imposed on Eastern Europe between the end of World War II, 1945, and the defeat of the Hungarian Uprising, 1956? - Leaving Cert History - Question 1 - 2010
Question 1
How were communist governments imposed on Eastern Europe between the end of World War II, 1945, and the defeat of the Hungarian Uprising, 1956?
Worked Solution & Example Answer:How were communist governments imposed on Eastern Europe between the end of World War II, 1945, and the defeat of the Hungarian Uprising, 1956? - Leaving Cert History - Question 1 - 2010
Step 1
The Establishment of Communist Regimes
Answer
After World War II, the Soviet Union exerted substantial influence over Eastern Europe, establishing pro-Soviet communist governments in countries such as Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, and Bulgaria. This was achieved through a combination of military presence, political manipulation, and strategic alliances with local communist parties.
The Yalta Conference in 1945 laid the groundwork for Soviet control, as the Allies agreed on spheres of influence. The Red Army's occupation of Eastern European nations during and after the war ensured that communist parties took power. Consequently, key figures from the local communist parties were installed as leaders, often backed by Moscow.
Step 2
The Role of the Red Army
Answer
The Red Army played a pivotal role in the imposition of communist regimes. In several countries, they were responsible for disarming nationalist forces and ensuring that communist parties took control. For instance, in Poland, the Soviet Union orchestrated the 1947 elections, leading to a puppet government aligned with Moscow.
Step 3
Suppression of Opposition
Answer
Opposition to communism was swiftly dealt with through various means, including political purges, imprisonment, and the use of secret police. In Hungary, for example, the communists arrested key opposition leaders and used propaganda to promote socialist ideals. This tactic created an atmosphere of fear that stifled dissent and consolidated power.
Step 4
The Hungarian Uprising of 1956
Answer
The Hungarian Uprising marked a significant moment of resistance against Soviet-imposed communist rule. Initially fueled by widespread dissatisfaction with the oppressive regime, the uprising was brutally suppressed by Soviet forces. This event illustrated how the Soviets maintained control over Eastern Europe, emphasizing their willingness to use military force to quash any attempts at reform or independence.