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In relation to fabric detergents, explain the purpose of each of the following: (i) Enzymes (ii) Surfactants - Leaving Cert Home Economics - Question 10 - 2020
Question 10
In relation to fabric detergents, explain the purpose of each of the following: (i) Enzymes (ii) Surfactants
Worked Solution & Example Answer:In relation to fabric detergents, explain the purpose of each of the following: (i) Enzymes (ii) Surfactants - Leaving Cert Home Economics - Question 10 - 2020
Step 1
(i) Enzymes
Answer
Enzymes in fabric detergents serve the purpose of breaking down protein-based stains such as milk, blood, and egg into smaller particles. This process facilitates the cleaning of fabrics by allowing detergents to penetrate and work more effectively. It is important to note that these enzymes can be inactivated at temperatures exceeding 60°C, which limits their effectiveness in hotter wash cycles.
Step 2
(ii) Surfactants
Answer
Surfactants play a critical role in reducing the surface tension of fabrics, allowing them to become wet and dislodge dirt more effectively. They contain a hydrophilic head that interacts with water and a hydrophobic tail that attaches to the dirt. This disrupts the surface tension of the water, helping it spread and penetrate the fabric. As a result, surfactants enable thorough cleaning by allowing water to effectively interact with the fabric, loosening dirt particles and keeping them suspended in the water.