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‘Iron deficiency remains a common condition in children, with research suggesting many negative effects on the developing child’ - Leaving Cert Home Economics - Question 1 - 2015
Question 1
‘Iron deficiency remains a common condition in children, with research suggesting many negative effects on the developing child’. (Siobhan O'Sullivan, Dietician, O... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:‘Iron deficiency remains a common condition in children, with research suggesting many negative effects on the developing child’ - Leaving Cert Home Economics - Question 1 - 2015
Step 1
Why, in your opinion, is iron deficiency a common condition in children?
Answer
Iron deficiency is commonly observed in children due to several factors. Firstly, children often have dietary preferences that limit their intake of iron-rich foods, such as red meat. Many children favor chicken or other lean meats, which may not be as high in iron. Additionally, some children do not consume sufficient vegetables and other foods that can help in iron absorption.
Moreover, children's growth demands may lead to increased iron needs. As they are still developing, their bodies require iron for the production of hemoglobin and muscle proteins. Furthermore, children have smaller stomach capacities and may not consume enough food overall, leading to inadequate iron intake. Lastly, conditions such as gastrointestinal infections can affect iron absorption and contribute to deficiency.
Step 2
Using the information provided in the table and having regard to current healthy eating guidelines comment on the nutritional value of the different meats named above.
Answer
When assessing the nutritional value of the meats listed in the table, it is evident that each offers different benefits.
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Beef: This meat provides a high amount of protein (18.1g) and iron (1.9mg), essential for muscle development and oxygen transport in the body. However, it is higher in fat (17.1g), which may make it less suitable for everyday consumption compared to leaner options.
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Chicken: Chicken is seen as a healthier meat choice, offering a decent protein content (24.8g) while having the lowest fat content (5.4g). Its iron content (0.8mg) is lower than beef and liver but remains a good option when considering its overall nutritional profile, especially due to its lean quality.
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Liver: Notable for having the highest protein (24.7g) and iron content (6.0mg), liver is an exceptional source of vitamins D and C, which are helpful for immunity and iron absorption, respectively. However, its high protein content may not be suitable for those with dietary restrictions.
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Pork: While pork has a good protein content (15.8g) and sufficient calcium (8mg), it is considerably high in fat (29.6g), which poses health risks if not consumed in moderation. Its iron content is similar to chicken (0.8mg), making it less beneficial for iron deficiency.
In summary, while beef and liver are higher in iron, chicken presents a balanced option for regular consumption. Each meat can fit health guidelines when consumed appropriately.
Step 3
Give an account of iron under each of the following headings: dietary sources
Answer
Iron is a vital mineral found in a variety of foods. Key dietary sources include:
- Red Meat: Beef and lamb are rich sources of heme iron, which is more easily absorbed by the body.
- Poultry: Chicken and turkey also provide heme iron, although in lower quantities compared to red meat.
- Seafood: Fish and shellfish can be good sources of heme iron as well.
- Plant-based sources: Lentils, beans, fortified cereals, spinach, and tofu contain non-heme iron, though it is less bioavailable for absorption.
Step 4
Give an account of iron under each of the following headings: functions in the body
Answer
Iron plays several critical roles in the human body:
- Oxygen Transport: It is a fundamental component of hemoglobin in red blood cells, allowing for efficient transport of oxygen from the lungs to tissues.
- Energy Production: Iron is involved in mitochondrial function and ATP production, enabling cells to generate energy.
- Immune Function: It supports immune health, as iron is needed for the production of certain immune cells.
- Cognitive Function: Adequate iron levels are essential for proper brain function and development, particularly in children.
Step 5
Give an account of iron under each of the following headings: effect of deficiency
Answer
Deficiency in iron can lead to several health issues, including:
- Tiredness: Lack of energy and fatigue due to decreased hemoglobin levels.
- Pale Skin: A common symptom as low iron levels reduce the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood.
- Breathlessness: Physical exertion becomes difficult because the body is not receiving enough oxygen.
- Anemia: Long-term deficiency can result in iron-deficiency anemia, characterized by low red blood cell count.
Step 6
Step 7
Describe four ways that the weekly food bill can be reduced when selecting and buying fresh meat and meat products.
Answer
To reduce the weekly food bill, consumers can consider the following strategies:
- Buy in Bulk: Purchasing larger quantities of fresh meat at once can lower costs per unit.
- Choose Less Expensive Cuts: Opting for cheaper cuts of meat, such as chicken thighs instead of breasts, can save money while still providing necessary nutrients.
- Plan Meals: Meal planning helps in reducing waste; by only buying what’s needed for the week, money is saved.
- Use Alternative Proteins: Incorporating meat alternatives like beans or legumes into meals can reduce meat consumption, thereby lowering meat-related expenses.