State Newton's law of universal gravitation. - Leaving Cert Physics - Question a - 2015

Newton's law of universal gravitation states that the force of gravitational attraction between two objects is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers. This relationship can be mathematically expressed as:

$F = G \frac{m_1 m_2}{d^2}$

where:

• $F$ is the gravitational force between the two masses,
• $G$ is the gravitational constant,
• $m_1$ and $m_2$ are the masses of the objects, and
• $d$ is the distance between the centers of the two masses.