Eclipses are among the most spectacular events in astronomy as they are events we can view without a telescope - Leaving Cert Physics - Question 13 - 2022

Lunar eclipses occur more frequently because the Earth’s shadow is larger than the Moon’s shadow. When the Earth blocks sunlight from reaching the Moon, a lunar eclipse transpires, allowing for total or partial coverage of the Moon, depending on the alignment.

Refraction refers to the bending of light as it travels from one medium to another, in this case, from the vacuum of space into the Earth's atmosphere. This bending causes changes in the path of light, affecting the appearance of celestial objects.

1. Prism
2. Diffraction grating

The formula for gravitational acceleration is given by:
$g = \frac{GM}{r^2}$
where G is the gravitational constant (6.674 x 10^-11 N(m/kg)^2), M is the mass of the Moon, and r is its radius.
Substituting the values:
$g = \frac{(6.674 \times 10^{-11})(7.3 \times 10^{22})}{(1.7 \times 10^6)^2} \approx 1.7 m/s^2$

Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object, and it remains constant regardless of location. Weight, however, is the force exerted by gravity on that mass and can change based on the gravitational pull of the celestial body one is on.

Infrared radiation can be detected using sensors that are sensitive to thermal radiation, typically with detectors that respond to the heat emitted by objects, such as thermographic cameras.

Ultraviolet radiation