X-rays are produced when a beam of high speed electrons collides with a target in an X-ray tube, as shown below - Leaving Cert Physics - Question 10 - 2015
Question 10
X-rays are produced when a beam of high speed electrons collides with a target in an X-ray tube, as shown below.
What are X-rays? State two properties of X-rays.
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Worked Solution & Example Answer:X-rays are produced when a beam of high speed electrons collides with a target in an X-ray tube, as shown below - Leaving Cert Physics - Question 10 - 2015
Step 1
What process occurs at the cathode?
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Answer
The process that occurs at the cathode is thermionic emission, where electrons are emitted from the heated cathode due to sufficient thermal energy.
Step 2
Name a substance commonly used as the target.
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Answer
A commonly used substance for the target is tungsten, due to its high melting point and ability to effectively produce X-rays.
Step 3
State the function of the part marked A.
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The part marked A serves a protective function, shielding the components of the X-ray tube and ensuring safety by preventing the escape of radiation.
Step 4
State one use of X-rays.
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One specific use of X-rays is in medical imaging, such as X-ray radiography, to check for broken bones.
Step 5
Draw a sketch of a cathode ray tube suitable for use in an oscilloscope.
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A typical cathode ray tube (CRT) sketch should include:
A narrow glass envelope
Two electrodes: the cathode (heated filament) and the anode
Control grids to focus the electron beam
A phosphorescent screen where the electrons strike
The ability to modulate the beam for waveform display.
Step 6
Why is a vacuum needed in both the X-ray tube and the cathode ray tube?
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A vacuum is necessary to prevent the electrons from colliding with air molecules, which would scatter them and reduce the efficiency of electron acceleration and X-ray production. It also prevents oxidation of the cathode.
Step 7
State one use of a cathode ray oscilloscope.
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One use of a cathode ray oscilloscope is for displaying voltage waveforms, such as in electronic circuits for analyzing signal signals over time.
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