X-rays are used to diagnose and treat medical conditions - Leaving Cert Physics - Question 10 - 2013

A key property of X-rays is their high penetrating ability, which allows them to pass through soft tissue while being absorbed by denser materials like bones. This selective absorption makes them invaluable for imaging internal structures of the body.

Outside of medical applications, X-rays are commonly used in security processes, such as airport security checks, to inspect luggage for contraband or dangerous items.

A labelled diagram of an X-ray tube should include the heater, cathode, anode, target, glass tube, and cooling system. Ensure each component is accurately labelled.

Electrons are produced in an X-ray tube by heating a filament, which emits electrons through thermionic emission. This occurs when the filament is heated to a high temperature, allowing electrons to escape from its surface.

The high voltage across an X-ray tube serves to accelerate the emitted electrons towards the anode, providing them with sufficient energy to produce X-rays upon impact.

When the high-speed electrons hit the target, they produce X-rays as a result of their rapid deceleration and interaction with the target material. This interaction generates both X-rays and heat.

A suitable material for the target in an X-ray tube is tungsten, as it has a high atomic number and can withstand the heat generated.

One important safety precaution when using X-rays is to wear protective clothing, such as lead aprons, to shield against unnecessary radiation exposure.