Last Updated Sep 27, 2025

Variation Simplified Revision Notes for Leaving Cert Biology

Revision notes with simplified explanations to understand Variation quickly and effectively.

Learn about Variation and Evolution for your Leaving Cert Biology Exam. This Revision Note includes a summary of Variation and Evolution for easy recall in your Biology exam

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Variation

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Variation means that there are differences between the members of a species.

• Evolution cannot occur without variation.
• The two causes of variation are:
  1. Sexual reproduction
  2. Mutations
• Sexual reproduction causes variation through meiosis (crossing over and random assortment of chromosomes) and fertilisation, which combines genetic material from two parents.

• A mutation is a change in the amount or structure of DNA.

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