Melody Structure

What is Melody Structure?

Melody structure refers to how a melody is organised into phrases and sections to create balance, cohesion, and musical interest.

Key Elements of Melody Structure

Phrases

A melody is typically divided into phrases, similar to sentences in language.

• Balanced Phrasing: Most melodies use even-length phrases (e.g., 4 bars each).
• Question and Answer (Antecedent & Consequent):
  • The question phrase (ends with an imperfect cadence) creates tension.
  • The answer phrase (ends with a perfect cadence) resolves the tension.

Sections

A melody often consists of two main sections:

• A Section: Introduces the main idea.
• B Section: Provides contrast before returning to A.

Climax Point

Each melody should have a climax, the most expressive or dramatic moment.

• Usually a high note or a dynamic peak.
• Positioned toward the second half of the melody for impact.

Cadences

Cadences provide a sense of rest or conclusion at the end of phrases.

• Perfect Cadence (V-I): Used for strong endings.
• Imperfect Cadence (I-V or IV-V): Leaves the phrase unresolved.
• Plagal Cadence (IV-I): A softer resolution, often used at the end of a melody.

Balance and Repetition

Repetition of motifs or ideas creates unity, while contrast (e.g., different rhythm or contour) maintains interest.

• Aim for symmetry, such as two 4-bar phrases forming an 8-bar section.