Movement 7: Chorale

General Overview

The final movement of Bach's Jesu, der du meine Seele is a chorale, bringing the cantata to a serene and reflective conclusion. It is a homophonic setting of the original Lutheran hymn, emphasising unity and devotion. The simplicity of the chorale contrasts with the complexity of earlier movements, providing a fitting and solemn end to the cantata.

Form and Structure

Strophic Hymn Setting:

• The movement is a straightforward four-part harmonisation of the final verse of Johann Rist's hymn.
• The structure follows a predictable phrase pattern, reinforcing a sense of resolution and finality.

Instrumentation and Texture

SATB Choir:

• The chorale melody is sung in the soprano line (cantus firmus), with the alto, tenor, and bass providing harmonic support.

Strings and Continuo:

• Strings double the vocal parts, enhancing the texture and unifying the ensemble.
• The continuo (organ and cello) provides a steady harmonic foundation, anchoring the movement.

Homophonic Texture:

• The voices and instruments move together rhythmically, creating a chordal, hymn-like setting that contrasts with the polyphonic textures of earlier movements.

Melodic Features

Soprano Melody:

• The chorale melody is presented in its original form, unornamented and easily recognisable, reinforcing the hymn's spiritual significance.

Smooth, Stepwise Motion:

• The melody flows naturally, with stepwise intervals and balanced phrasing characteristic of Lutheran hymns.

Harmonic Features

• Key: G minor, maintaining the sombre and introspective mood of the cantata.
• Functional Harmony:
  • The harmonisation is straightforward, with clear cadences at the end of each phrase.
  • Bach uses occasional suspensions and passing notes to add emotional depth and interest.
• Perfect Cadence:
  • The cantata concludes with a strong, final perfect cadence in G minor, symbolising resolution and spiritual fulfilment.

Rhythmic Features

Steady Rhythm:

• The rhythm is simple and consistent, enhancing the hymn-like quality of the movement.
• Each phrase is clearly delineated, with pauses at cadences providing moments of reflection.

Theological and Musical Significance

• The chorale reinforces the cantata's spiritual themes, focusing on the congregation's communal faith and devotion.
• By concluding with the hymn's original melody, Bach connects the complex musical journey of the cantata back to its simple, devotional roots.

Dynamics and Performance Practice

Dynamics:

• Though not explicitly marked, the chorale should be performed with even dynamics, reflecting its solemn and unifying character.

Articulation:

• A legato approach ensures the smooth and hymn-like delivery of the chorale.

Ornamentation:

• No ornamentation is required; the chorale's simplicity is integral to its character.

Key Features of Baroque Chorales

• Homophony: All parts move together rhythmically, creating a chordal texture.
• Balanced Phrasing: Each phrase is neatly structured, following the natural flow of the hymn text.
• Clarity and Accessibility: The simplicity of the chorale allows it to resonate deeply with the congregation.