Explain the following statement:
A budget has both a planning function and a control function - NSC Agricultural Management Practices - Question 4 - 2022 - Paper 1
Question 4
Explain the following statement:
A budget has both a planning function and a control function.
A budget serves a dual purpose in agricultural management. Firstly, ... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Explain the following statement:
A budget has both a planning function and a control function - NSC Agricultural Management Practices - Question 4 - 2022 - Paper 1
Step 1
Inputs and outputs should be budgeted for.
(a) Give TWO examples of inputs that must be budgeted for.
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Answer
Seed - Essential for planting the crop.
Fertilizer - Needed to provide essential nutrients for the crops.
Step 2
4.2.1
(b) Give an example of an output that must be budgeted for.
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Harvested product - The actual yield that is sold to generate income.
Step 3
4.2.2
Indicate what must be budgeted for in terms of resources for a crop production enterprise.
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Identification of available resources - Understanding what tools and materials are at hand.
Determining the utilization of resources - Planning how to use these resources effectively.
Estimating costs associated with these resources - Ensuring that financial allocations are met.
Step 4
4.3.1
Calculate the GROSS PROFIT. Show the formula and ALL calculations.
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Answer
The formula for Gross Profit is:
extGrossProfit=extSales−extCostofSales
Using the provided figures:
Sales = R942 700.00
Cost of Sales = R780 900.00
Calculating Gross Profit:
extGrossProfit=R942700.00−R780900.00=R161800.00
Step 5
4.3.2
Calculate the NET PROFIT. Show the formula and ALL calculations.
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The formula for Net Profit is:
extNetProfit=extGrossProfit−extIndirectExpenses
Calculating Net Profit:
Gross Profit = R161 800.00
Indirect Expenses (including Interest Costs, Depreciation, and Family Living Costs):
4.4
Distinguish between seasonal workers and occasional workers used in agriculture.
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Answer
Seasonal workers are engaged for repetitive tasks that are tied to specific seasons, such as planting and harvesting. In contrast, occasional workers are employed for project-based tasks that do not have a set seasonality and are generally less frequent.
Step 7
4.5
State THREE requirements of good record keeping.
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Clear and simple - Records should be easy to understand for effective management.
Specific - Records must relate directly to the activities and financial aspects of the farm.
Up to date - Keeping records current is essential for accurate decision-making.
Step 8
4.6
Describe the condition of a fresh raw product that makes it acceptable to the consumer.
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A fresh raw product must be firm and not wilted, free from pests or signs of decay. It should also have a uniform color and be free from bruises or blemishes, indicating that it has been handled properly. Organoleptic properties such as smell should be appropriate and enticing.
Step 9
4.7
Compare mechanical harvesting and harvesting by hand. Copy and complete the table below.
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Influence of weather conditions
Mechanical Harvesting
Hand Harvesting
Influence on efficiency
Less affected
More affected
Theft of the produce
Less likely
More likely
Step 10
4.8
When produce is handled, management must ensure that labourers adhere to the correct personal health and hygiene practices. Name THREE of these practices when labourers handle fresh produce.
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Regular hand washing before and after handling produce.
Wearing protective clothing such as gloves and masks.
Bathing regularly to maintain cleanliness.
Step 11
4.9
State TWO main factors that determine the method of storage of a raw agricultural product.
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Type of product - Different products have different storage requirements based on perishability.
Relative humidity during the storage period - Ensuring appropriate moisture levels to prevent spoilage.
Step 12
4.10
Choose ONE word from the list below that explains EACH of the following conversions.
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4.10.1 - Pasteurisation
4.10.2 - Extraction
4.10.3 - Fermentation
4.10.4 - Sterilisation
4.10.5 - Extrusion
Step 13
4.11
Give ONE reason for EACH of the following packaging methods for agricultural products:
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Vacuum Packaging: It extends the shelf life by preventing oxidation.
Non-vacuum Packaging: Offers more cost-effective solutions as it allows for more products to be packed at once.
Step 14
4.12.1
Give the farmer advice on the requirements regarding the truck and the trailer that will be used to transport the animals.
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The floor must be slip-free to prevent animals from falling.
The height of the vehicle must allow animals to stand comfortably.
Ensure the vehicle is spacious enough for animal safety during transport.
Step 15
4.12.2
State TWO requirements for the animals during the trip, which must be available before and after the journey.
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Access to fresh water to maintain hydration.
Availability of appropriate food that meets their nutritional needs.
Step 16
4.12.3
Explain why the farmer is concerned about the stress levels of the animals.
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High stress levels can lead to negative impacts on the animals' health, including weakened immune responses, reduced reproductive success, and digestive issues, all of which can adversely affect productivity and overall farm efficiency.
