4.1 Reproductive system of a cow
4.1.1 A
4.1.2 B
4.1.3 D
4.2 Hormones
4.2.1 Naming parts
A Mature Graafian follicle
C Ovum/egg/female reproductive cell/gamete
4.2.2 Indication of hormone
(a) Follicle stimulating hormone/FSH
(b) Progesterone
4.2.3 The function of infundibulum
It captures(picks up) the ova/channel ova into the fallopian tube
4.3 Embryo transplantation
4.3.1 Identification of the process
Embryo transplantation/transfer/ET
4.3.2 TWO advantages of ET to farmers
- Fast/cost effective way to increase genetic improvement
- Extend the productive life of older/unproductive cows
4.3.3 The term referring to the cow that is
(a) Donor cow
(b) Recipient/surrogate cow
4.4 Artificial Insemination (AI)
4.4.1 TWO characteristics of good quality semen
- Viability/mobility/motility/80% mobility/less than 15% dead sperm cells
- Colour/opaque/milky
- Volume
- Odour
- pH between 6.4 - 6.9/slightly acidic pH
- Percentage of sperm cells with defects/morphology/less than 20% deformations/fewer deformities
- No blood in semen
4.4.2 Functions of the diluents of semen
(a) Provides energy for sperm cells
(b) Protects sperm cells against temperature changes/damage from freezing
(c) Protects sperm cells against bacterial growth/infections
4.4.3 TWO disadvantages of AI
- Labour intensive procedure
- Time consuming
4.4.4 TWO congenital defects in bulls
- Cryptorchidism
- Hermaphroditism
4.5 The membrane layers around the embryo
4.5.1 Identification of the membranes
A Allantois
D Chorion
4.5.2 TWO functions of the fluid in B
- Protects the embryo against shock/injuries
- Protects the embryo against temperature changes
4.5.3 The role of membrane D
Connects the foetus to the uterine wall/attachment/forms placenta
4.5.4 The last stage of pregnancy
Foetal stage
4.6 The milk production of a dairy cow
4.6.1 Identification of the process illustrated above
Lactation
4.6.2 Indication of the time (in weeks) when the following occurred
(a) Week 44
(b) Week 0
(c) Week 4
4.6.3 THREE factors influencing the quantity of milk produced during the peak production
- Nutrition
- Climate/environmental conditions/housing/shelter
- Individuality
- Breed
- Number of times a cow is milked during the day
- Health status - NSC Agricultural Sciences - Question 4 - 2018 - Paper 1
Question 4
4.1 Reproductive system of a cow
4.1.1 A
4.1.2 B
4.1.3 D
4.2 Hormones
4.2.1 Naming parts
A Mature Graafian follicle
C Ovum/egg/female reproductive cell/gamete
... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:4.1 Reproductive system of a cow
4.1.1 A
4.1.2 B
4.1.3 D
4.2 Hormones
4.2.1 Naming parts
A Mature Graafian follicle
C Ovum/egg/female reproductive cell/gamete
4.2.2 Indication of hormone
(a) Follicle stimulating hormone/FSH
(b) Progesterone
4.2.3 The function of infundibulum
It captures(picks up) the ova/channel ova into the fallopian tube
4.3 Embryo transplantation
4.3.1 Identification of the process
Embryo transplantation/transfer/ET
4.3.2 TWO advantages of ET to farmers
- Fast/cost effective way to increase genetic improvement
- Extend the productive life of older/unproductive cows
4.3.3 The term referring to the cow that is
(a) Donor cow
(b) Recipient/surrogate cow
4.4 Artificial Insemination (AI)
4.4.1 TWO characteristics of good quality semen
- Viability/mobility/motility/80% mobility/less than 15% dead sperm cells
- Colour/opaque/milky
- Volume
- Odour
- pH between 6.4 - 6.9/slightly acidic pH
- Percentage of sperm cells with defects/morphology/less than 20% deformations/fewer deformities
- No blood in semen
4.4.2 Functions of the diluents of semen
(a) Provides energy for sperm cells
(b) Protects sperm cells against temperature changes/damage from freezing
(c) Protects sperm cells against bacterial growth/infections
4.4.3 TWO disadvantages of AI
- Labour intensive procedure
- Time consuming
4.4.4 TWO congenital defects in bulls
- Cryptorchidism
- Hermaphroditism
4.5 The membrane layers around the embryo
4.5.1 Identification of the membranes
A Allantois
D Chorion
4.5.2 TWO functions of the fluid in B
- Protects the embryo against shock/injuries
- Protects the embryo against temperature changes
4.5.3 The role of membrane D
Connects the foetus to the uterine wall/attachment/forms placenta
4.5.4 The last stage of pregnancy
Foetal stage
4.6 The milk production of a dairy cow
4.6.1 Identification of the process illustrated above
Lactation
4.6.2 Indication of the time (in weeks) when the following occurred
(a) Week 44
(b) Week 0
(c) Week 4
4.6.3 THREE factors influencing the quantity of milk produced during the peak production
- Nutrition
- Climate/environmental conditions/housing/shelter
- Individuality
- Breed
- Number of times a cow is milked during the day
- Health status - NSC Agricultural Sciences - Question 4 - 2018 - Paper 1
Step 1
Naming parts
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Answer
The two parts to name are:
A: Mature Graafian follicle
C: Ovum/egg/female reproductive cell/gamete
Step 2
Indication of hormone
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Answer
(a) The hormone indicated is Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH).
(b) Progesterone is also significant in the reproductive cycle.
Step 3
The function of infundibulum
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The infundibulum functions by capturing (picking up) the ova and channeling them into the fallopian tube.
Step 4
Identification of the process
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The process is identified as Embryo transplantation/transfer/ET.
Step 5
TWO advantages of ET to farmers
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It offers a fast and cost-effective method to enhance genetic improvement of herds.
It extends the productive life of older or unproductive cows, thereby maximizing their value.
Step 6
The term referring to the cow that is
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(a) Donor cow refers to the cow that provides the ova.
(b) Recipient or surrogate cow refers to the cow that will carry the embryo.
Step 7
TWO characteristics of good quality semen
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Answer
Viability and motility should be at least 80%, with less than 15% dead sperm cells.
The colour should be opaque and milky, which indicates good quality.
Step 8
Functions of the diluents of semen
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Answer
(a) They provide energy for sperm cells.
(b) They protect sperm cells against temperature changes and damage from freezing.
(c) They safeguard sperm cells from bacterial growth and infections.
Step 9
TWO disadvantages of AI
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It is a labour-intensive procedure, requiring significant time and effort.
An incompetent operator can harm the cows or equipment.
Step 10
TWO congenital defects in bulls
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Cryptorchidism, where one or both testicles are undescended.
Hermaphroditism, which is the presence of both male and female reproductive organs.
Step 11
Identification of the membranes
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Answer
A: Allantois
D: Chorion
Step 12
TWO functions of the fluid in B
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Answer
It protects the embryo against shock and injuries.
It guards against temperature changes.
Step 13
The role of membrane D
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Membrane D connects the foetus to the uterine wall, enabling attachment and forming the placenta.
Step 14
The last stage of pregnancy
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The last stage of pregnancy is identified as the foetal stage.
Step 15
Identification of the process illustrated above
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Answer
The process illustrated is lactation.
Step 16
Indication of the time (in weeks) when the following occurred
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(a) Week 44
(b) Week 0
(c) Week 4
Step 17
THREE factors influencing the quantity of milk produced during the peak production
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Answer
Nutrition plays a crucial role in milk production.
Climate and environmental conditions, including housing and shelter.
Individuality and breed of the cow affect production levels.
