The pictures below show three components of a centre-pivot irrigation system - NSC Agricultural Technology - Question 6 - 2021 - Paper 1

A drone can significantly assist a farmer in increasing crop yield by:

• Installing a multispectral camera on the Drone: This camera can detect moisture variances in soil and generate a geographic map of the area.
• Detecting system faults: It can identify leaking pipes or deflated tires, which could hinder crop health.
• Monitoring plant growth: The drone can assess areas where plant growth is weak, allowing for targeted interventions.

The system that is installed on the drone for pinpoint location is the GPS (Global Positioning System).

• Soil moisture sensor: Monitors the moisture level of the soil.
• Rain sensor/Rain meter: Measures rainfall levels, helping to adjust irrigation accordingly.
• Wind speed sensor: Provides data on wind speed which can affect irrigation efficiency.

A Water meter/Flow meter can be used to measure the exact quantity of water delivered to the crop.

Automating an irrigation system offers several advantages:

• It helps to save water by optimizing usage.
• It prevents over or under irrigation, improving overall crop health.
• Automation can lead to cost savings in the long run, as it reduces the need for manual labor.
• Farmers can monitor the irrigation system remotely, giving them better control over the process.

Once waste is flushed down the toilet:

1. The waste travels through pipes to the septic tank.
2. Heavy solids settle at the bottom of the tank, forming sludge, while lighter materials rise to the top and form scum.
3. Anaerobic bacteria begin to break down the solids over time.
4. The liquid waste, or effluent, is gradually released into the absorption field where it is further filtered by the soil.

• Aluminium: Known for its lightweight and corrosion-resistant properties.
• PVC: A durable plastic that is commonly used for its affordability and ease of installation.

The distillation process for purifying battery water involves:

1. Heating water until it turns into steam.
2. The steam/vapour is collected and directed into a piping system.
3. It is then cooled down, transforming back into distilled water, free of impurities.

• Geographical Information System (6.9.1): Can be used to monitor plant systems.
• Variable Rate Technology (6.9.2): Employed in field equipment and has the ability to regulate the application rates of fertilizers, manure, pesticides, and herbicides.