6.1 Name THREE problems associated with irrigation in South Africa - NSC Agricultural Technology - Question 6 - 2016 - Paper 1

The centre-pivot irrigation system consists of several segments of pipes, usually made from galvanized steel or aluminum, joined together. These pipes are supported by trusses to elevate them above the ground. The system features mounted towers that help distribute water evenly across the field. Sprinklers are positioned along the length of the pipes to deliver water, and the entire system is driven by electric motors for rotation.

The smart controller functions as an automated system that adjusts the irrigation schedule based on real-time environmental conditions to optimize water application and conserve resources.

1. Soil moisture sensors
2. Weather stations

1. The system cannot operate efficiently on uneven terrain.
2. Water delivery at the edges may lead to excessive runoff or pooling.

This design helps to limit water evaporation and ensures that water reaches the crop more effectively, particularly in windy conditions.

A home fire suppression sprayer system typically consists of a sprinkler head that is attached to the ceiling. When exposed to heat, the bulb in the sprinkler head breaks, allowing the pressurized water to flow and extinguish the fire.

Bacteria

The T-fitting or baffle design prevents the solid waste from flowing directly across the tank and allows for more efficient sedimentation, keeping solids settled while allowing liquid to escape.

1. Regular pumping is required to remove accumulated solids and prevent overflow.
2. Monitoring the water levels to ensure proper drainage and flow.
3. Avoiding the use of waste disposals to maintain a balanced ecosystem within the tank.

A French drain system is constructed by digging a trench filled with coarse gravel or rock, which allows water to flow away from the foundation or area where water collection occurs, effectively redirecting drainage to prevent flooding.

The water purification system employs several filtration cartridges connected to main water pipes to remove contaminants. This system generally includes multiple stages of filtration to ensure clean water, including a carbon filter for removing odors and a fine filtration system for smaller particles.

To find the time ( ext{Time}) required to fill the tank, use the formula:

ext{Time} = rac{	ext{Content}}{	ext{Flow rate}} = rac{10,000 	ext{ liters}}{50 	ext{ liters/minute}} = 200 	ext{ minutes} 

This is equivalent to 3 hours and 20 minutes.

GIS technology utilizes yield monitors and GPS data to gather information about crop yields across various parts of a field. This technology helps farmers analyze yield data, track field variability, and make informed decisions about crop management, ultimately enhancing efficiency and productivity.