6.1 Describe the process of joining a capillary elbow to a copper pipe with solder - NSC Civil Technology Civil Services - Question 6 - 2023 - Paper 1

1. Fixing brackets and frames: Spring toggle fixers are commonly used to attach brackets, timber, and small frames against plasterboard or hollow-wall applications. They provide a secure hold in these materials.
2. Hanging light fixtures: They can also be employed to hang lights and chandeliers to the ceiling, supporting significant weight efficiently.

1. Superior Strength: Cast-iron pipes possess a higher tensile strength when compared to other piping materials, making them resistant to high pressure and suitable for various applications.
2. Corrosion Resistance: While cast-iron pipes are susceptible to corrosion, they often come with additional protective coatings to prolong their lifespan and maintain structural integrity.

The type of test being conducted is known as a leak test.

Device A is a manometer.

The component in the encircled part B is a drain stopper/stopper.

1. Seal all openings: Ensure all openings in the pipes are sealed with stoppers to prevent any escape of air or water.
2. Connect the manometer: Attach the manometer to the test section of the pipeline, ensuring it is securely fitted.
3. Introduce a pressure source: Apply air pressure to the system until it reaches specified levels, ensuring that all connections are airtight.

If the reading on the manometer begins to drop, it indicates that there is a leak in the system. This means that air is escaping from the pipeline, and it is essential to locate and repair the leak before proceeding with further testing.

A manhole ramp is constructed to facilitate access for maintenance personnel and equipment. When the ground slopes slightly away from the connection point, the ramp allows for safe and easy entry into the manhole without the risk of falling.

1. Safety during access: The ramp provides a stable and secure way for technicians to enter and exit the manhole, reducing the risk of accidents.
2. Pressure relieve: In the event of a blockage, the manhole ramp helps to keep the waste material at a manageable level by storing it temporarily, preventing backflow and overflows.

A P-trap can be identified by its shape resembling the letter 'P' which traps water in the bend, preventing sewer gases from escaping. The water level would typically be maintained at a standard level, aiding in odor control. An S-trap, on the other hand, resembles the letter 'S' and also traps water similarly, but can be prone to siphonage and thus requires careful design to maintain water levels and control odor effectively.

The abbreviation of component A is RE.

To correct the connection at B of the drainage plan, I would ensure that a proper 45° or 135° bend is used to connect the sewer lines appropriately. This would help to maintain proper flow and prevent blockages.

Component C is the ventilation pipe or vent valve.

The component that must be installed at D to receive water from the manhole is a municipal connection.

The prescribed angle for the pipe at E is typically 45° or 135°.

The fault at F indicates that the branch pipe runs through or into the wall, which could lead to issues with drainage as well as structural integrity. Adjustments should be made to ensure proper alignment and flow.

To complete the sectional view of the vacuum tank:

1. Draw the tank with clear demarcation for the draw-off valve.
2. Label the tank body and specify the draw-off valve. Ensure all dimensions are indicated accurately as per the specifications.