6.1 Describe the process of joining a capillary elbow to a copper pipe with solder - NSC Civil Technology Civil Services - Question 6 - 2023 - Paper 1

1. Fixing Brackets: Spring toggle fixers can be used to attach brackets for shelves or cabinets to hollow walls, providing support for the weight.
2. Hanging Fixtures: They can also be utilized to hang light fixtures or chandeliers from ceilings, ensuring a secure hold.

1. Superior Strength: Cast-iron pipes have a higher tensile strength compared to other piping materials, making them less likely to break or bend under pressure.
2. Corrosion Resistance: While cast iron can corrode, it generally exhibits good resistance to corrosion, especially when properly maintained. The internal surface can develop a protective layer that reduces rusting.

The type of test being conducted on the sewer pipeline is an air test, specifically a compressed air test.

The measuring device A is a manometer.

The component in the encircled part B is a drain stopper or a drain valve.

1. Setup: Ensure all access points are properly sealed and attached stoppers are in place, allowing for a complete seal.
2. Apply Air: Introduce air into the system through one of the sealed points until the manometer indicates the desired pressure.
3. Monitor Pressure: Observe the manometer readings for stability. The pressure should remain constant for a set duration to confirm no leaks.

If the reading on the manometer starts to drop, it indicates that there is a leak in the system. This could suggest that the fittings, joints, or pipes are not sealed properly, allowing air to escape and compromising the integrity of the sewer system.

One reason for constructing a manhole ramp is to facilitate vehicle access to the manhole, especially in situations where the ground slopes away from the connection point, allowing for easier maintenance and inspections.

1. Access Efficiency: It enables maintenance personnel to access the manhole quickly, especially during blockages or emergencies, reducing service downtime.
2. Pressure Relief: The ramp allows for the diversion of waste material and pressure from higher levels, preventing backflow and potential flooding.

For differentiation:

• A P-trap has an upward U-bend that maintains a water seal against sewer gases, typically with a higher water level retained in the bend.
• An S-trap, on the other hand, has an S shape and may allow for issues like siphoning if there’s pressure differential, leading to lower retained water levels. (Sketches would typically accompany this explanation in an examination context.)

The abbreviation of component A is RE.

To correct the connection at B of the drainage plan, install a 45° or 135° bend to ensure proper alignment with the sewer lines, allowing for smooth flow without obstruction.

Component C is a vent pipe or a ventilation valve.

The component that must be installed at D is a municipal connection.

The prescribed angle for the pipe at E is 45° or 135°.

The fault at F indicates that the branch pipe runs through or into the wall, which may lead to improper drainage and potential blockages if not corrected.

(Instructions for drawing would be part of the task. Ensure to depict the vacuum tank accurately with labels.)