4.1 Below are photographs of fasteners that are used on building sites - NSC Civil Technology Civil Services - Question 4 - 2017 - Paper 1

1. Nails are quicker to drive in than screws, making them more efficient for fastening.

2. Unlike screws, nails can be made of rust-proof materials, such as copper or stainless steel, which enhances their durability and lifespan.

A copper pipe can be joined using a compression joint.

To find the inside area of the room, we first calculate the inside measurements:

• Long walls: $7,000 \text{ mm} - 2 \times 220 \text{ mm} = 6,560 \text{ mm}$
• Short walls: $4,000 \text{ mm} - 2 \times 220 \text{ mm} = 3,560 \text{ mm}$

Convert measurements to metres:

• Long walls: $6,560 \text{ mm} = 6.56 \text{ m}$
• Short walls: $3,560 \text{ mm} = 3.56 \text{ m}$

Calculate area:

$\text{Area} = \text{Length} \times \text{Width} = 6.56 \text{ m} \times 3.56 \text{ m} = 23.36 \text{ m}^2$

The area of one ceiling board can be calculated as follows:

$\text{Area} = \text{Length} \times \text{Width} = 4,200 \text{ mm} \times 1,200 \text{ mm}$

Converting to metres:

$\text{Area} = 4.2 \text{ m} \times 1.2 \text{ m} = 5.04 \text{ m}^2$

The length of skirting can be calculated by summing the lengths of all walls:

• Total length: $(6,560 ext{ mm} + 3,560 ext{ mm}) \times 2 ext{ (for both sides)} - 3,000 ext{ mm (door)}$

$= (20,240 ext{ mm} - 3,000 ext{ mm}) = 17,240 ext{ mm}$

Convert to metres:

$17,240 ext{ mm} = 17.24 ext{ m}$