Name the maximum thickness of soil layers when compaction is done by hand - NSC Civil Technology Civil Services - Question 4 - 2023 - Paper 1

The lid should be adequately sealed using a rubber gasket or sealing compound to prevent water ingress and ensure that the manhole remains airtight.

Engineered bricks typically have a length of 230 mm.

Sketch should depict proper shoring techniques, like using vertical supports and horizontal braces to stabilize and prevent collapse of the excavation sides.

A ‘spirit level’ or ‘slope level’ is commonly used to ensure the slope of a drain pipe is accurate.

A safety officer or a designated safety supervisor must monitor the free end of the rope attached to the safety harness.

1. Conduct a risk assessment to identify potential hazards such as toxic gases or low oxygen levels.
2. Ensure that adequate ventilation is provided or use breathing apparatus if necessary.

1. Use of personal protective equipment (PPE) such as harnesses and helmets should be mandatory.
2. Implementation of safety nets or guardrails to prevent falls.

Given dimensions: 3.7 m x 3.7 m x 3.7 m.

Volume = Length × Width × Height = 3.7 × 3.7 × 3.7 = 50.653 m³.

Using the conversion 1 m³ = 1000 litres:

Volume in litres = 50.653 m³ × 1000 = 50653 litres.