4.1 State TWO properties of EACH of the following metals: 4.1.1 Steel 4.1.2 Lead 4.2 Explain TWO functions of a concrete cube test - NSC Civil Technology Construction - Question 4 - 2019 - Paper 1

1. Lead is a very soft metal, which makes it malleable and easy to shape as needed.
2. Lead has a high density, contributing to its effectiveness in applications requiring weight.

1. The primary function of a concrete cube test is to determine the maximum compressive strength of cured concrete when a load is applied, ensuring it meets required specifications.
2. Additionally, it helps to indicate the compressive strength measured in MPa or N/mm², verifying the concrete's suitability for construction use.

1. A site safety plan must be established to outline procedures and protocols for safe working conditions during excavation.
2. Ensure that excavations are supervised by qualified personnel to avoid risks associated with the task.
3. Conduct regular inspections to identify and mitigate hazards such as electric wires or gas lines that might be affected by the excavation process.

1. Weather conditions, such as heavy rain, can weaken the soil and increase the risk of collapse.
2. Incorrectly supporting walls can destabilize the excavation site, especially if side walls become too steep.
3. Poor soil conditions, such as loose or unstable soil, can lead to sudden collapses if not managed properly.

The drawing should include:

• Poling boards
• Walling boards/Wailing boards
• Folding wedge
• Struts
• Any ONE label

Ensure the correct proportion and neatness in the drawing.

Folding wedges are used to ease the removal or striking of formwork by gently knocking one wedge away from the other, facilitating a safer and more efficient dismantling.

The drawing should showcase:

• Bearer/Joist for the soffit
• Cleats
• Braces for beams/struts
• Fixing plates/Kickers
• Wedges
• Any ONE label

Maintain a good proportion throughout the sketch.