FIGURE 5.1 below shows a vertical sectional view through formwork for two concrete beams - NSC Civil Technology Woodworking - Question 5 - 2018 - Paper 1

1. Block board
2. Laminated board
3. Plywood
4. Hard board/Masonite

Folding wedges serve multiple purposes during formwork construction. They help to secure different components together, ensuring stability and alignment. Additionally, wedges assist with the lowering and raising of the formwork, making adjustments easier and more effective. They also provide support by leveling the formwork and minimizing any movement during the pouring of concrete.

The bottom soffit board must be thicker than the sides due to the additional weight and stress it experiences during the curing of concrete. It must withstand the load of wet concrete and prevent sagging, ensuring the integrity of the formwork. A thicker board provides the necessary strength and support, which mitigates the risk of deformation or failure.

A - Laggings B - Ribs C - Bearer

When part A is used in a closed position, it can be utilized to support structures, providing stability and ensuring that loads are evenly distributed across the formwork arrangement.

A can also be used as an adjustable support in open lags, allowing for height adjustments as necessary for different construction requirements.

Dead shores are utilized to carry dead weight above them, providing necessary support to structures like walls and floors during renovations. They prevent collapse by transferring the weight down to the ground.

Double-flying shores are used to provide temporary support to two parallel walls that show signs of structural failure. They are positioned to stabilize the structure, preventing further damage until permanent repairs can be made.

A steel dog is used to join and align the joint between prop and the floor, ensuring that the structure remains stable and secure during construction.

Props are essential for strengthening and bracing beams or roof structures, ensuring they remain supported and safe during the construction process.

Sole plates distribute the weight transferred by props over a wider area, preventing issues like sinking and ensuring that the props maintain a stable position.

The braces must be placed at an angle of 45° above and beneath the horizontal shores to provide optimal stability and support to the structure.

In the diagram, indicate the following components clearly:

• The span represented with dimension lines indicating a length of 3,000 mm.
• Wall plates at each end of the span.
• Rafters connecting to the ridge beam at the peak.
• The slope of the roof set at 45°.