3.1 Define the term food additives - NSC Consumer Studies - Question 3 - 2021 - Paper 1

Type 1 diabetes occurs when the pancreas is damaged and cannot produce insulin due to genetic or hereditary factors.

1. Eating or drinking contaminated food or water.
2. Consuming undercooked meat.
3. Using unpasteurized raw milk.

Producing organically grown foods has several benefits:

1. Soil Quality: Organic farming improves soil quality as it avoids the use of harmful chemicals that can degrade soil health.
2. Water Supply: Water sources are protected because organic practices prevent harmful runoff, keeping ecosystems intact.
3. Reduced Chemical Use: Organic farming reduces dependency on chemical fertilizers, promoting biodiversity and healthier ecosystems.
4. Sustainability: The practice supports sustainable agriculture, allowing for crop rotation and natural pest control.

1. Calcium in Milk: Regular consumption of milk can strengthen bones and maintain bone density due to its high calcium content.
2. Phosphorus in Canned Pilchards: This nutrient aids in the absorption of calcium, supporting overall bone health.
3. Protein in Fish: Fish like pilchards contribute to the synthesis of collagen, an important component for bone structure.

In hypoglycaemia, blood glucose levels are low due to factors like skipping meals or excessive energy expenditure. In contrast, hyperglycaemia is characterized by high blood glucose levels caused by diabetes or consuming high amounts of sugar.

Hypoglycaemia is typically caused by irregular eating patterns or intense physical activity, whereas hyperglycaemia results from the body's inability to process insulin effectively or excessive carbohydrate intake.

1. It delays the ripening process, keeping fruits fresher longer.
2. Controls sprouting in vegetables, extending their usability.
3. Destroys bacteria and pathogens that can cause spoilage.
4. Reduces the need for preservatives in processed foods.

During the lockdown, the government kept shops open for food access, provided social relief for unemployed individuals, and established food parcels through community organizations. This ensured that those in need could still receive essential food supplies.

1. Plain low fat yoghurt: Suitable due to low carbohydrate content, which helps maintain stable blood glucose levels.
2. Green leafy vegetables: Excellent as they are low in calories and high in fiber, aiding in blood sugar management.
3. Brown rice: A preferable choice because it is whole grain and digested more slowly, preventing spikes in blood glucose.
4. Red meat: Should be consumed in moderation due to potential heart disease risks but provides protein.
5. Ice cream: Generally unsuitable because of high sugar content, which can lead to increased blood glucose levels.