3.1 Answer the following questions on cholesterol - NSC Consumer Studies - Question 3 - 2018 - Paper 1

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is often referred to as 'bad' cholesterol because it can build up in the walls of arteries, leading to atherosclerosis, which increases the risk of heart disease. In contrast, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is known as 'good' cholesterol since it helps remove LDL cholesterol from the arteries, transporting it back to the liver for excretion, thus contributing to cardiovascular health.

Genetically modified (GM) crops have the potential to significantly mitigate world hunger by enhancing crop yields and improving resistance to pests and diseases. They can be engineered to grow in diverse environmental conditions, allowing for food production in regions previously unsuitable for agriculture. Additionally, GM crops can have a longer shelf life, reducing post-harvest losses, and can be designed to contain improved nutritional profiles to combat malnutrition in vulnerable populations. Overall, the incorporation of genetically modified crops could lead to a more stable and accessible food supply for the world's growing population.

Three different types of additives in the dish include:

• Antioxidants
• Flavouring agents
• Preservatives

One major concern regarding sodium nitrite is that it may be carcinogenic, potentially increasing the risk of cancer in consumers.

Sodium nitrite serves several functions in this dish. Primarily, it acts as a preservative, extending the shelf life of the food by preventing spoilage due to bacteria. Additionally, it contributes to the dish's flavoring and enhances the color, making it more appealing to consumers.

These ingredients are separately listed on the label to inform consumers who may have allergies or dietary restrictions. By listing them individually, it allows consumers to easily identify potential allergens that could lead to severe allergic reactions.

The ingredient that has been treated with short waves is 'mustard powder'.

Two guidelines to follow are:

1. Wash hands thoroughly before handling or opening the dish.
2. Heat the dish to a high temperature to ensure it is cooked properly.

This dish supports the management of osteoporosis as it contains ingredients rich in calcium, such as milk and cheddar cheese, which are vital for bone health. Calcium contributes to increased bone mass and helps slow down bone loss. Additionally, the presence of vitamin D in the milk aids in calcium absorption, further enhancing bone strength.

A suitable side dish could be steamed or grilled vegetables, which are low in fat and high in fiber, complementing the mac and cheese without adding saturated fats.

This dish may not be suitable for someone managing obesity since it is high in kilojoules, particularly due to the carbohydrates and saturated fats present. The high energy density can contribute to excessive calorie intake, which is counterproductive for weight management. Therefore, consumers aiming to lose weight should approach this dish with caution and consider healthier alternatives.