Answer the following questions on cholesterol - NSC Consumer Studies - Question 3 - 2018 - Paper 1

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is considered harmful because it contributes to plaque formation in arterial walls, which can lead to cardiovascular diseases. In contrast, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is beneficial as it transports cholesterol away from the arteries and back to the liver for excretion or recycling, thus reducing the risk of heart disease.

Genetically modified (GM) crops hold significant promise in addressing global hunger and food insecurity. These crops are engineered to resist pests, tolerate harsh environmental conditions, and enhance yield. By minimizing the loss incurred due to pests and diseases, GM crops can contribute to a more stable food supply, ensuring that more food reaches those in need. Additionally, they can be designed to grow in less-than-ideal conditions such as drought, thus making food production more reliable in areas suffering from climate change. Furthermore, genetically modified foods can have a longer shelf life, reducing waste and supporting better nutritional outcomes.

The three different types of additives in the macaroni cheese and bacon dish are:

1. Antioxidants
2. Flavouring agents
3. Preservatives

One major concern regarding sodium nitrite is its potential to form carcinogenic compounds when exposed to high temperatures, which may pose health risks to consumers.

Sodium nitrite serves several functions in this dish: It acts as a preservative, extending the shelf life of the product by inhibiting bacterial growth. Additionally, it enhances the color and flavor of the meat, contributing to the overall taste profile of the macaroni cheese and bacon.

Cow's milk, wheat, gluten, and egg are listed separately to ensure consumers can easily identify potential allergens that may cause allergic reactions. This level of transparency helps those with allergies or intolerances avoid consuming these ingredients, which could lead to severe health issues.

The ingredient treated with short waves is mustard powder, which has been processed to eliminate potential harmful bacteria.

Two important guidelines are:

1. Wash hands thoroughly before handling or opening the dish to prevent contamination.
2. Heat the dish to a high temperature to ensure harmful bacteria are killed before consumption.

This dish is suitable for osteoporosis management because:

1. It contains cow's milk and cheddar cheese, which are high in calcium, essential for bone health.
2. The vitamin D present enhances calcium absorption, further supporting bone strength.
3. Protein in the dish is necessary for maintaining bone density and overall skeletal health.

A suitable side dish would be a fresh salad made with leafy greens and assorted vegetables, which can provide fiber and help lower cholesterol levels.

This dish may not be the best choice for someone managing obesity due to its high energy content, primarily from carbohydrates and fats. The pasta contributes significantly to calorie intake, while the fats from cheese and bacon add to its kilojoule density. Furthermore, the presence of low dietary fiber may not encourage satiety, potentially leading to overeating. Therefore, although it can be enjoyed in moderation, it may not align well with weight management goals.