Define the term microcontroller - NSC Electrical Technology Digital - Question 5 - 2019 - Paper 1
Question 5
Define the term microcontroller.
A microcontroller is a computer presented in a single integrated circuit (IC) which is dedicated to perform a task or tasks and exe... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Define the term microcontroller - NSC Electrical Technology Digital - Question 5 - 2019 - Paper 1
Step 1
5.2.1 Describe the operating cycle of a CPU.
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Answer
The operating cycle of a CPU consists of fetching instructions and data from memory, decoding them, and executing them in a repeated cycle known as the fetch-decode-execute cycle. It effectively functions as an 'Input-Process-Output' cycle.
Step 2
5.2.2 Explain the function of the current instruction register (CIR).
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The Current Instruction Register (CIR) holds the instruction that is currently being executed. It keeps the instruction at the specific address and may split it into different parts such as an operation code and data address which are necessary for execution.
Step 3
5.2.3 State the purpose of an analogue-to-digital converter (ADC).
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The ADC detects continuous analogue signals and converts them into a multi-level digital signal, allowing the microcontroller to process the analogue inputs.
Step 4
5.2.4 FIGURE 5.2.4 below is the block diagram of a simple counter/timer. Explain the operation of this timer.
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The timer fetches data and instructions from a microprocessor through the data bus. It counts to a predetermined number by incrementing its count register on each clock pulse. When the register overflows, it resets for the next count.
Step 5
5.3 State the function of the random access memory (RAM) with reference to the CPU of a microcontroller.
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RAM stores all data required for processing by the CPU during program execution. It can read and write data, holding operating systems and other data forms needed by the microcontroller.
Step 6
5.4.1 Name TWO methods of sending data.
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The two methods of sending data are:
Simplex
Duplex
Step 7
5.4.2 State the advantages of parallel communication.
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Parallel communication allows for faster data transmission and higher bandwidth as multiple bits can be sent simultaneously, reducing transmission time.
Step 8
5.4.3 Name the disadvantages of synchronous communication.
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Synchronous communication requires a clock signal for both transmission and reception, resulting in dependency between the two devices and the necessity for synchronization.
Step 9
5.5 Describe the inter-integrated bus (I2C) as a type of communication peripheral.
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I2C is a powerful two-wire communication protocol designed to facilitate communication between multiple devices on the same bus without additional circuitry. It ensures that the data is transmitted in a controlled manner.
Step 10
5.6.1 Label block A.
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Block A is labeled as 'Master'.
Step 11
5.6.2 What does the abbreviation SCL stand for?
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SCL stands for 'Serial Clock Line'.
Step 12
5.6.3 Explain the function of the pull-up resistors.
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Pull-up resistors are connected to a +5 V supply and are necessary for the lines (SCL and SDA) to go high. They ensure that the bus is in a known state when no device is actively driving it.
Step 13
5.6.4 Name ONE characteristic of the slave.
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A slave responds to requests initiated by the master and can only initiate a transfer when permitted by the master.
Step 14
5.6.5 List THREE advantages of the I2C bus.
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The advantages of the I2C bus include:
Only two wires are needed for communication.
It supports multiple devices without additional address lines.
It is more economical and easier to implement compared to SPI.
Step 15
5.7.1 State the operating voltages for logic '1' and logic '0'.
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The operating voltage for logic '1' is typically +5V, while for logic '0' it is typically 0V.
Step 16
5.7.2 List THREE applications of the RS-232.
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The applications of RS-232 include:
Printers
Modems
CNC machine tools
Step 17
5.8.1 Define the term program.
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A program is a sequence of instructions that inform a computer how to perform a task.
Step 18
5.8.2 Define the term flow diagram.
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A flow diagram is a visual representation of the steps and decisions necessary to perform and complete a process.
Step 19
5.9 Design a flow diagram of an alarm system for a storage room which has ONE sensor that must monitor the access door to the room. The alarm must sound if the sensor is activated. There is no time delay in the sensor activation.
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