1.1 Refer to FIGURE 1.1 showing air movement associated with valley climates. Match the descriptions below with letters A and B. Write only the letter A or B next to the question numbers (1.1.1 to 1.1.7) in the ANSWER BOOK, e.g. 1.1.8 B. 1.1.1 The air movement associated with upslope flow 1.1.2 Air movement that occurs at the night 1.1.3 Air movement that originates due to the rate of insolation 1.1.4 Air movement that mostly reduces air pollution at the bottom of the valley 1.1.5 Air movement associated with dense, heavy air 1.1.6 Air movement associated with the formation of frost on the valley floor 1.1.7 The direction of air movement determined by gravitational forces 1.2 Choose a term from COLUMN B that matches the characteristic/description in COLUMN A. Write only the letter (A–N) next to the question numbers (1.2.1 to 1.2.8) in the ANSWER BOOK. 1.2.1 Drainage pattern that begins at steep slopes of ridges or hills 1.2.2 Drainage pattern found in areas where glaciers have shaped the land 1.2.3 Drainage pattern that shows right angled bends 1.2.4 A river that flows towards a central low-lying area 1.2.5 Drainage pattern associated with a dome feature 1.2.6 Drainage pattern that originates in areas with alternative layers of hard and soft rock 1.2.7 Drainage pattern that is usually uniform and tributaries join at acute angles 1.2.8 The river is younger than the underlying rock structure over which it flows 1.6 Refer to FIGURE 1.6 showing river rejuvenation. 1.6.1 What is river rejuvenation? 1.6.2 Which stage (course) of the river is illustrated in FIGURE 1.6? 1.6.3 Give evidence from FIGURE 1.6 to support your answer to QUESTION 1.6.2. 1.6.4 Why is there an increase in the rate of erosion in the river after rejuvenation? 1.6.5 Identify the changes to the following features after river rejuvenation took place: (a) River channel (b) Meander 1.6.6 Discuss the possible negative impact of river rejuvenation on storage dams in the lower course after the point of rejuvenation (knickpoint).

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1.1 Refer to FIGURE 1.1 showing air movement associated with valley climates - NSC Geography - Question 1 - 2020 - Paper 1

Question 1

1.1 Refer to FIGURE 1.1 showing air movement associated with valley climates. Match the descriptions below with letters A and B. Write only the letter A or B next to... show full transcript

Worked Solution & Example Answer:1.1 Refer to FIGURE 1.1 showing air movement associated with valley climates - NSC Geography - Question 1 - 2020 - Paper 1

Step 1

1.1 The air movement associated with upslope flow

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This refers to air that rises up the slope of a valley, typically caused by heating of the valley surface by the sun. As the air warms, it becomes less dense and rises.

Step 2

1.1.2 Air movement that occurs at the night

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At night, the air cools down, and cooler air moves down the slopes, descending into the valley.

Step 3

1.1.3 Air movement that originates due to the rate of insolation

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This is related to daytime heating; the air warms rapidly over the valley during the day due to solar insulation, causing it to rise.

Step 4

1.1.4 Air movement that mostly reduces air pollution at the bottom of the valley

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This occurs when cooler air moves down, displacing warmer air that may have accumulated pollutants, thus improving air quality.

Step 5

1.1.5 Air movement associated with dense, heavy air

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Dense, heavy air typically settles in the valley and can lead to temperature inversions, trapping warmer air above.

Step 6

1.1.6 Air movement associated with the formation of frost on the valley floor

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Frost forms when the temperature drops, and cold air settles in lower areas of the valley, leading to temperature inversions.

Step 7

1.1.7 The direction of air movement determined by gravitational forces

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Gravitational forces influence air movement, causing air to flow from high to low areas, typically following the valley slopes.

Step 8

1.2.1 Drainage pattern that begins at steep slopes of ridges or hills

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D. dendritic

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1.2.2 Drainage pattern found in areas where glaciers have shaped the land

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I. radial

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1.2.3 Drainage pattern that shows right angled bends

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A. trellis

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1.2.4 A river that flows towards a central low-lying area

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G. centripetal

Step 12

1.2.5 Drainage pattern associated with a dome feature

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H. superimposed

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1.2.6 Drainage pattern that originates in areas with alternative layers of hard and soft rock

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E. deranged

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1.2.7 Drainage pattern that is usually uniform and tributaries join at acute angles

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F. parallel

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1.2.8 The river is younger than the underlying rock structure over which it flows

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C. young

Step 16

1.6.1 What is river rejuvenation?

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River rejuvenation refers to the process where a river increases its energy and erodes its bed more deeply, leading to changes in its profile and flow.

Step 17

1.6.2 Which stage (course) of the river is illustrated in FIGURE 1.6?

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The lower course of the river is illustrated in FIGURE 1.6, indicating a mature stage.

Step 18

1.6.3 Give evidence from FIGURE 1.6 to support your answer to QUESTION 1.6.2.

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Evidence includes the steep gradient and the widening of the river channel, indicative of erosion and sediment transport typical of the lower course.

Step 19

1.6.4 Why is there an increase in the rate of erosion in the river after rejuvenation?

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The increase in erosion rate is due to increased energy from falling rain and the steepened gradient, which causes the river to erode its bed more vigorously.

Step 20

1.6.5 Identify the changes to the following features after river rejuvenation took place: (a) River channel

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(a) The river channel becomes deeper and wider due to increased erosion.

(b) Meander formation decreases as the flow becomes more linear due to enhanced energy.

Step 21

1.6.6 Discuss the possible negative impact of river rejuvenation on storage dams in the lower course after the point of rejuvenation (knickpoint).

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River rejuvenation can lead to increased sediment transport towards storage dams, potentially causing siltation and reduced capacity, impacting water quality and ecosystem health.

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