Verwys na FIGUUR 4.1 oor landelike nedersettings - NSC Geography - Question 4 - 2018 - Paper 1

Farmhouses tend to be spaced far apart to utilize the available land effectively and provide privacy to each household. This distance also serves as a buffer against potential conflicts among neighboring farms.

Rural settlements often exhibit lower levels of security and safety, primarily due to reduced law enforcement presence and isolated locations, making them more susceptible to crime.

Linear settlements are often influenced by a single main access road which facilitates movement and commerce, determining the orientation and development of the settlements.

These types of settlements are frequently associated with extensive commercial farms, often leading to pronounced agrarian activities and economic significance in the area.

The conventional image of rural settlements often depicts stereotypical features, which may not adequately represent the diversity and complexity of actual living conditions.

Individual farmhouses are characterized by their elongated and narrow shapes, which can affect land usage and the spatial organization within rural environments.

Industries located between the raw material source and the consumer are referred to as bridge industries, facilitating the connection between production and consumption.

Bridge industries can be found in any geographical setting, allowing them to adapt to local market needs and fulfill supply chain requirements.

Heavy industries operate with large quantities of raw materials and large-scale machinery, playing a crucial role in the manufacturing and construction sectors.

'Mark-oriented' industries focus on being close to their customers, ensuring that their products reach the market efficiently.

Industries can either be independent or omnipresent, depending on whether they are located near the market or the raw material sources.

Light industries are typically situated near rural-urban transition zones, allowing for easy access to both agricultural and urban resources.

Approximately 30% of South Africa's urban population resides in informal settlements, often referred to as 'krotte'.

People living in informal settlements face numerous challenges, including lack of infrastructure, limited access to basic services like water and sanitation, and economic opportunities. These factors create a cycle of poverty that makes it difficult for residents to improve their living standards. The absence of property rights also prevents them from investing in their homes, thereby perpetuating their socio-economic status.

The two negative effects of environmental degradation in informal settlements include:

1. Increased health risks due to poor sanitation and water quality, leading to the spread of diseases.
2. Decreased property values in the area, which can deter investment and further development.

An environmental injustice refers to the disproportionate burden of environmental hazards faced by marginalized communities, often resulting from policy decisions that favor certain areas over others.

The environmental injustice caused by coal-powered plants includes air pollution, which adversely affects the health of nearby residents and contributes to global warming.

The poor are primarily affected by environmental injustices because they often lack the resources to move away from polluted areas and are also more vulnerable to health impacts due to pre-existing conditions.

Two negative effects of environmental injustice include:

1. The decline in community health due to exposure to pollutants, leading to increased healthcare costs and reduced quality of life.
2. Social displacement as communities are forced to relocate due to environmental hazards, which disrupts social networks.

To mitigate the detrimental effects of environmental injustice, authorities can implement:

1. Stricter environmental regulations to limit pollution and enforce cleanup efforts.
2. Community empowerment programs that provide education and resources for affected populations.

The trend in 2017 displayed a mix of positive and negative factors, with certain sectors experiencing growth while others confronted challenges, indicating instability in overall economic conditions.

The automotive sector showed significant improvement in 2017, contributing to job creation and fostering innovation within the manufacturing industry.

The textile manufacturing activity experienced the least growth in 2017, facing challenges such as globalization and increased competition.

One reason for the lack of growth in the textile industry in 2017 is the influx of cheaper imports, which undermines local production capabilities.

The high rate of unemployment contributes to wage stagnation and makes it difficult for the remaining workforce to demand better conditions, adversely impacting manufacturing growth.

Strengthening the position of manufacturing activities is crucial for economic growth, job creation, and enhancing the nation's competitive edge in the global market.

To strengthen manufacturing production, the government can:

1. Provide incentives for businesses to invest in modernization and technology.
2. Enhance trade agreements that favor local manufacturers, expanding their market reach.

The three primary sectors of informal traders who are not registered include street vendors, home-based businesses, and unlicensed market traders.

The total informal trade sector contributes approximately R485 billion to the South African economy.

Monitor the growth and impact of informal trading on communities, ensuring that their rights and needs are respected.

The nature of informal trade allows for flexibility in location and customer interaction, which can either benefit or hinder business sustainability.

Many people no longer frequent informal markets due to safety concerns and the availability of formal retail alternatives.

Many individuals may resort to informal trade as a means of survival, even when facing challenges in their business operations.

Informal trading strategies must consider factors such as customer preferences, market competition, and effective supply chains. Traders need to adapt their goods and services to meet local demands, efficiently managing resources to maximize profit while sustaining their businesses.