4.1 Refer to FIGURE 4.1 showing rural and urban settlements - NSC Geography - Question 4 - 2019 - Paper 1

In this type of settlement, activities primarily revolve around agriculture, forestry, mining, or fishing, which are the main sources of income and employment.

A unifunctional settlement typically has one main economic activity, such as a mining town or a farming village, which dictates its development and infrastructure.

This type of settlement is a multifunctional urban area offering a variety of services, industries, and residential options, catering to a diverse population.

Nucleated settlements are characterized by buildings clustered around a central point, which often serves as the economic and social hub.

Cities exemplify this type of settlement, characterized by a dense population and integration of various functions and services.

A farmstead is typically a small agricultural community centered around a farm and its immediate structures, representing the smallest settlement type.

This concept refers to trade, which involves importing and exporting various products and services across national borders.

This describes the term GNP (Gross National Product), which accounts for the total income generated from exports.

This refers to transport networks that enable connectivity and trade.

This definition aligns with imports, which are goods purchased and brought in from foreign markets.

These are firms that comply with national regulations and have the necessary permits to operate within their jurisdictions, also known as formal businesses.

This term refers to the home market, which represents the local consumption of goods and services.

This is known as GDP (Gross Domestic Product), which measures the economic performance of a country's economy.

This definition describes beneficiation, which involves transforming raw materials into more valuable products.

The land-use zone referred to here is typically labeled as the Transition zone, which includes mixed-use areas.

1. It is characterized by a mixture of residential and commercial buildings.
2. Exhibits high levels of traffic and accessibility.

This land-use zone often has better infrastructure, including transport facilities, which are essential for the efficient operation of light industries.

The high land values can be attributed to its strategic location, making it attractive for businesses and residential developments.

1. Presence of large, well-maintained homes with gardens.
2. High-quality schools and amenities available in the area.

Land-use zone B, designed for residential purposes, conflicts with land-use zone C, which may be industrial, resulting in noise and pollution affecting residents' quality of life.

An informal settlement is a residential area where housing has been constructed without legal permission, often resulting in substandard living conditions.

Lack of access to basic services like water and proper sanitation increases the chances of fires igniting and spreading uncontrollably.

In winter, the use of inadequate heating methods, often involving flammable materials, raises the risk of fires in these communities.

To reduce fire hazards, local municipalities can implement educational campaigns to inform residents about fire safety measures. Improving access to water supply for firefighting is also crucial. Additionally, infrastructure upgrades can ensure that pathways are clear for emergency services. Regular inspections and community engagement programs can help identify potential fire risks, enabling proactive measures. Furthermore, installing fire hydrants and firebreaks can significantly mitigate the risk of fire spreading in these settlements.

The Port Elizabeth-Uitenhage industrial region is located in the Eastern Cape province.

The primary industry in this region is the automotive manufacturing sector.

1. Natural harbor suitable for shipping and receiving goods.
2. Proximity to raw materials needed for manufacturing.

A large population provides a workforce for industries, driving economic activity and increasing local demand for goods and services.

The automotive industry has generated significant employment opportunities, boosting local economies. Additionally, it attracts related businesses and services, enhancing overall economic activity in the region.

1. Industries face stiff competition from other manufacturing hubs within the country, which can affect local market share.
2. Infrastructure constraints, such as inadequate transport links, can hinder operational efficiency compared to counterparts in more developed areas.

The informal sector comprises economic activities that are not regulated by the government, often characterized by small-scale operations and lack of formal employment contracts.

The cartoon suggests the minister's disapproval through negative portrayals of informal businesses, highlighting issues like lack of regulation and potential threats to formal business sectors.

One reason could be the concern over public order and safety, as informal trading can lead to unregulated markets that disrupt local communities.

1. The informal sector provides job opportunities for individuals unable to find formal employment, supporting the overall economy.
2. Informal businesses can act as suppliers or partners for larger formal businesses, fostering economic growth and collaboration.

The informal sector plays a crucial role in South Africa's economy by providing livelihood opportunities for many who cannot secure formal employment. It offers flexibility and innovation, catering to specific market needs. Furthermore, the sector helps in alleviating poverty by creating income-generating activities. However, it also faces challenges such as lack of access to finance and regulatory support. Addressing these issues could enhance its contributions to the economy. Promoting better integration between the informal and formal sectors may lead to sustainable economic development and job creation.