3.1 Choose a term in COLUMN B that matches the description in COLUMN A - NSC Geography - Question 3 - 2018 - Paper 1

These are called junction towns, which are strategically located at the intersection of multiple transportation routes.

Such settlements are associated with junction towns, positioned to facilitate transport through difficult terrain.

These are defined as military towns, which serve as defense points in times of conflict.

These are specialized towns, where a specific industry or service predominates, such as industrial towns.

These are referred to as central places, which act as hubs for the distribution of goods and services.

These are often resort towns, designed to provide recreational facilities and entertainment.

These are known as mining towns, which develop around mineral extraction sites.

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing fall under the primary economic sector, which involves the extraction of natural resources.

The economic activity that displayed the lowest growth rate during this period was general government, reflecting slower expansion in this sector.

In 2018, the economic activity projected to exhibit the lowest growth rate is electricity, gas, and water service provision.

The tertiary activity with the highest growth rate projected for 2018 is expected to be general government services.

'General government' is classified under the tertiary sector, which encompasses services provided by government entities.

The year 2011 experienced the highest total GDP growth across all economic activities.

To calculate the GDP growth rate for finance, insurance, and business services, we derive it from data indicating a growth rate of 1.7% during this period.

Rural-urban migration refers to the movement of people from rural areas to urban centers, typically in search of better economic opportunities.

Two environmental push factors include drought conditions that diminish agricultural productivity and flooding that leads to the displacement of populations.

Rural-urban migration can lead to labor shortages in rural areas, decreased economic activity, and less investment, resulting in stagnant economic growth.

Pull factors such as better job opportunities, improved living conditions, and enhanced services draw individuals to urban areas. This influx can overwhelm local governments, leading to increased pressure on public services like housing, healthcare, and education. As cities expand rapidly, there may not be sufficient infrastructure to accommodate the growing population, resulting in overcrowded conditions and decreased quality of life. Moreover, local governments may struggle to maintain adequate sanitation, waste management, and transportation systems, compounding existing urban challenges. Such strains necessitate higher expenditure which can result in financial crises, hindering development and reducing overall living standards.

Land-use zone A is identified as the Central Business District (CBD), characterized by a concentration of commercial and business activities.

Evidence such as the convergence of roads from various directions points towards a high degree of accessibility for land-use zone A.

The high accessibility of land-use zone A results in a dense arrangement of high-rise buildings, optimizing the limited urban space and catering to commercial needs.

In drawing the urban profile from B to C, features such as different land-use types, building heights, and transitions from residential to commercial areas should be clearly marked.

(a) The buildings in the transition zone are often poorly maintained due to economic strain on landlords and a lack of investment. (b) High land values in the transition zone can be attributed to its strategic location and demand for development, resulting in competition for land among various stakeholders.

An agricultural product exported in an unprocessed form from South Africa is maize.

An unprocessed agricultural product, such as raw sugar cane, is directly derived from cultivation, whereas a processed product, like sugar, involves conversion processes that enhance its usability.

The disadvantage includes lower profits from raw goods compared to processed goods, leading to missed opportunities for value addition.

Low and unreliable rainfall is a significant physical factor that does not favor agriculture in South Africa, impacting crop yields severely.

The decline in employment within the agricultural sector can be attributed to several factors, including mechanization and capital-intensive farming practices that reduce the need for labor. This decline leads to significant socioeconomic challenges for affected individuals, who may struggle to secure new employment opportunities. Moreover, with lower income levels, households are often unable to invest in education and skills development, perpetuating cycles of poverty. The decrease in agricultural jobs also enhances urban migration pressures, as individuals seek better economic conditions in cities. This shift can contribute to an overcrowded urban labor market, intensifying competition for limited jobs. Furthermore, rural communities may experience deteriorating infrastructure and reduced public services due to declining productivity.

The West Coast Spatial Development Initiative (SDI) is located in the Western Cape province of South Africa.

One economic activity that contributes to the growth of the West Coast SDI is tourism, supported by the area's natural beauty and attractions.

The growth of tourism in the West Coast SDI can be attributed to factors like improving transport infrastructure and the marketing of destinations that attract both local and international visitors.

Energy and water are vital for industrial growth as they are essential inputs for production processes and operations. Industries require a reliable power supply and sufficient water availability to maintain productivity and efficiency. The West Coast SDI is positioned to enhance its industrial capacity by ensuring access to these critical resources.

Well-developed transport links facilitate the efficient movement of goods and services, enabling businesses to operate effectively and reach broader markets. This improved connectivity attracts investment and promotes economic activities in the West Coast SDI, contributing to its overall growth.

The West Coast SDI will contribute to the economy by enhancing local employment opportunities, stimulating business development, and attracting both domestic and foreign investment, thus fostering overall economic growth in the region.