3.1 Choose a term in COLUMN B that matches the description in COLUMN A - NSC Geography - Question 3 - 2018 - Paper 1

This refers to D: junction towns. These settlements are strategically located at the intersection of multiple transport routes, making them key trading points.

The correct term is B: central places. These settlements leverage geographical features to facilitate trade and transport routes.

This defines I: military towns. They are established primarily for defensive purposes, strategically located to bolster national security.

This describes E: specialised towns. Such towns focus primarily on one type of economic activity, which shapes their function and development.

This is well articulated by G: gap towns. These towns serve the urban market while also catering to the rural populations nearby.

The term that applies here is F: resort towns. Resort towns are designed to attract tourists and those seeking leisure activities.

This corresponds to A: mining towns. These settlements develop as a result of the extraction industries, rhythmically linked to mineral resources.

The economic activities of agriculture, forestry, and fishing fall under the primary sector. This sector involves the extraction and harvesting of natural resources.

The primary economic activity that showed the lowest growth rate is Agriculture, forestry and fishing.

The economic activity projected to show the lowest growth rate in 2018 is general government.

The tertiary activity projected to have the highest growth rate for 2018 is electricity, gas and water services.

The 'general government' is classified under the tertiary sector, focusing on providing services to the community.

The year showing the highest total GDP growth across all activities is 2011.

The GDP growth rate for finance, insurance and business services from 2016 to 2018 is calculated as 1.7%.

Rural-urban migration refers to the movement of people from rural areas to urban centers, typically in search of better economic opportunities and an improved quality of life.

Two environmental push factors include:

1. Drought: Scarcity of water leading to crop failure and loss of livelihoods.
2. Floods: Displacement caused by natural disasters can drive populations towards urban areas.

Rural-urban migration leads to a decline in the workforce in agricultural areas, reducing productivity. This decreases local economic activities, ultimately stunting growth.

Pull factors, such as better job opportunities and improved living conditions, attract individuals to urban areas. This influx can strain urban municipalities as they struggle to provide sufficient infrastructure and services. Inadequate housing leads to informal settlements, increasing pressure on local governments. Furthermore, higher demand for public services like education and healthcare often exceeds available resources. As urban populations swell, local governments may face fiscal challenges to maintain and expand infrastructure. This situation exacerbates urban poverty and can lead to social tensions as new arrivals compete for limited job opportunities. Thus, while urban areas initially present attractive options, the long-term consequences can overwhelm local authorities.

Land-use zone A is identified as the Central Business District (CBD), characterized by high concentrations of commercial activity.

High accessibility is indicated by the convergence of roads from various directions leading into the CBD, facilitating easy transport for businesses and customers.

Accessibility allows for high-density development, resulting in skyscrapers and compact buildings to maximize space. The shape and height of buildings reflect the area’s commercial significance.

To complete the task, draw a profile illustrating varied building heights and land uses transitioning from residential areas to commercial zones (B to C) with appropriate labels.

(a) Buildings are often abandoned due to neglect from landlords unwilling to invest in maintenance, impacting living conditions.

(b) Land values in transition zones are high due to proximity to the city center, attracting business and residential growth.

Two reasons include:

1. Proximity to transport infrastructure (e.g., railroads, highways) for easier distribution of goods.
2. Availability of land, enabling large-scale operations without the constraints often found in urban settings.

One agricultural product exported unprocessed from South Africa is maize.

An unprocessed agricultural product is in its raw state, such as fresh produce, whereas a processed agricultural product has undergone transformation, like canned goods or flour.

Exporting unprocessed agricultural goods often results in lower profit margins for farmers as these goods are more perishable, and they face competition in global markets.

A physical factor that does not favor agriculture is low and unreliable rainfall, which hinders consistent crop yields and food security.

The decline in employment within the agricultural sector can be attributed to several factors such as technological advancements that reduce the need for manual labor. Modern machinery and farming practices have replaced many traditional roles, leading to job losses. Additionally, climatic factors and land degradation have forced many farmers to abandon their lands, further reducing available jobs. The social impact of this decline is significant; displaced workers may face economic hardships and increased poverty levels. This may lead to urban migration as individuals seek alternative employment. The loss of traditional skills and community ties can also result, creating long-term societal challenges. The agricultural sector's decline not only threatens food security but also undermines rural economies reliant on agriculture.

The West Coast SDI is located in the Western Cape province.

One economic activity contributing to the growth of the West Coast SDI is fishing, which plays a vital role in the local economy.

The growth of the fishing industry is facilitated by the abundant marine resources available in the coastal waters, creating jobs and stimulating local economies.

Energy availability is vital for manufacturing processes, ensuring that industries operate efficiently. Water is essential for both industrial use and as a resource for agriculture, supporting food production and economic stability.

Well-developed transport links enhance accessibility for trade, allowing for smoother movement of goods and services. This connectivity attracts investment and fosters economic collaboration, crucial for the SDI's growth.

The West Coast SDI will promote economic growth through increased job opportunities, investment in infrastructure, and improved connectivity with other regions. It encourages innovation and sustainable practices, benefiting local communities.