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The collapse of the Berlin Wall in 1989 was largely responsible for the political changes that occurred in South Africa - NSC History - Question 6 - 2016 - Paper 2
Question 6
The collapse of the Berlin Wall in 1989 was largely responsible for the political changes that occurred in South Africa. Critically discuss this statement.
Worked Solution & Example Answer:The collapse of the Berlin Wall in 1989 was largely responsible for the political changes that occurred in South Africa - NSC History - Question 6 - 2016 - Paper 2
Step 1
Role of Gorbachev and his policies
Answer
Gorbachev's policies of Perestroika and Glasnost played a crucial role in the political landscape of the late 1980s. His reformative approach reduced tensions in Eastern Europe and allowed for the eventual collapse of communist regimes, setting a precedent for change worldwide.
Step 2
Step 3
Impact of the Berlin Wall's collapse
Answer
The fall of the Berlin Wall symbolized the end of the Cold War and the diminishing threat of communism, which influenced South Africa's political climate. This event signaled to the African National Congress (ANC) that communism was no longer a viable option and pushed for more democratic processes.
Step 4
Reform within the National Party
Answer
As the political context shifted, the National Party recognized it could not maintain white supremacy indefinitely. Influential members began to realize that apartheid was not the answer to the challenges facing the country, leading to discussions about political reform.
Step 5
Transition towards negotiations
Answer
Faced with a crumbling economy and increasing unrest, the government acknowledged the need for reform. This culminated in FW de Klerk’s leadership, which aimed to dismantle apartheid and engage in negotiations with liberation organizations. His announcement of a new constitutional dispensation in 1990 marked a pivotal moment in South Africa's transition to democracy.