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The policy changes by Mikhail Gorbachev in the Soviet Union from 1985 led to its disintegration in 1991, however, they also brought positive results for South African politics - NSC History - Question 6 - 2022 - Paper 2
Question 6
The policy changes by Mikhail Gorbachev in the Soviet Union from 1985 led to its disintegration in 1991, however, they also brought positive results for South Africa... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:The policy changes by Mikhail Gorbachev in the Soviet Union from 1985 led to its disintegration in 1991, however, they also brought positive results for South African politics - NSC History - Question 6 - 2022 - Paper 2
Step 1
Critical Discussion of Gorbachev's Policy Changes
Answer
Mikhail Gorbachev's policy changes, specifically perestroika (economic restructuring) and glasnost (openness), had profound implications not just for the Soviet Union but also for global dynamics, including South Africa. These reforms were aimed at revitalizing the Soviet economy and political structure.
Gorbachev's rise to power marked a shift toward more openness which, while initially intended to consolidate the Soviet Union, eventually led to increased demands for independence among its republics. By 1990, key republics had declared independence, symbolizing the end of the Cold War. This political shift had significant ripple effects across the globe.
Step 2
Impact on South African Politics
Answer
The easing of tensions in the Soviet Union allowed for a reevaluation of political strategies in South Africa. As the African National Congress (ANC) gained support, particularly from the Soviet bloc, the diminishing influence of a staunchly communist Soviet regime encouraged debates within South Africa regarding the continuation of apartheid. South Africa could no longer rely on Western support for its anti-communist stance, which undermined the National Party's grip on power.
The ANC's position strengthened as overseas support shifted towards negotiations rather than military action, allowing key figures like Nelson Mandela to participate in discussions aimed at ending apartheid.
Step 3
Conclusion and Historical Evidence
Answer
In conclusion, Gorbachev's policies facilitated a shift in the geopolitical climate that positively influenced South African politics. The disintegration of the USSR lessened the fear of communism within South Africa, promoted negotiations, and ultimately led to the dismantling of apartheid. The collaboration between the ANC and influential figures like F.W. de Klerk exemplifies how the international atmosphere created by Gorbachev's reforms fostered a new political order. Historical evidence supports the argument that Gorbachev's actions indirectly contributed to the positive political changes in South Africa.