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WHY DID FOREIGN COUNTRIES BECOME INVOLVED IN THE ANGOLAN CIVIL WAR IN THE 1970s? Study Sources 2A, 2B, 2C and 2D and answer the questions that follow - NSC History - Question 2 - 2024 - Paper 1
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WHY DID FOREIGN COUNTRIES BECOME INVOLVED IN THE ANGOLAN CIVIL WAR IN THE 1970s? Study Sources 2A, 2B, 2C and 2D and answer the questions that follow. 2.1 Use Sour... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:WHY DID FOREIGN COUNTRIES BECOME INVOLVED IN THE ANGOLAN CIVIL WAR IN THE 1970s? Study Sources 2A, 2B, 2C and 2D and answer the questions that follow - NSC History - Question 2 - 2024 - Paper 1
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2.1.3 Name the THREE Angolan movements in the source that signed a power-sharing peace agreement for the independence of that country.
Answer
The three Angolan movements that signed a power-sharing agreement were: 1. National Front for the Liberation of Angola (FNLA), 2. Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), and 3. National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA).
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2.1.4 Comment on the implication of the statement, 'This was the Cold War and every inch of the globe had to be contested with the Soviet Union', in the context of the USA's involvement in the Angolan Civil War.
Answer
This statement implies that the USA's involvement in the Angolan Civil War was driven by the desire to counter the influence of the Soviet Union globally. The Cold War created a context in which nations viewed conflicts, like in Angola, as battlegrounds for ideological supremacy, leading to increased American support to prevent the spread of communism.
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2.2.1 Give ONE reason from the source why the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) lobbied for greater American support for the FNLA.
Answer
The CIA lobbied for greater American support for the FNLA because they believed that the FNLA could effectively counter the growing communist influence in Angola.
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2.2.2 Why do you think the USA provided financial support to the FNLA during the Angolan transitional government?
Answer
The USA likely provided financial support to the FNLA to strengthen its position and capabilities against the MPLA, ensuring that a pro-American government could be established in Angola following independence.
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2.2.3 Explain the contextual significance of the FNLA in relation to Angola’s road to independence.
Answer
The FNLA played a crucial role in Angola’s fight for independence from Portuguese colonial rule and was a significant nationalist movement representing the interests of certain ethnic groups, helping to unite various factions against colonial powers.
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2.2.4 Comment on the USA's 1975 defeat in Vietnam and its impact on their involvement in the Angolan Civil War.
Answer
The USA's defeat in Vietnam severely impacted its credibility and willingness to engage in international conflicts. This defeat likely made American policymakers more cautious, affecting their strategies and interventions in Angola, as they sought to avoid another costly conflict.
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2.3.1 According to Denvir, what would have happened if Cuba had not dispatched 36 000 troops to Angola?
Answer
According to Denvir, if Cuba had not dispatched 36,000 troops to Angola, the MPLA might have suffered significant losses and potentially failed to secure its position in the civil war.
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2.3.2 What, according to the source, prompted the Angolans to send a desperate appeal to Cubans for help?
Answer
The Angolans sent a desperate appeal to Cubans for help due to a combination of military setbacks and the urgent need for support to prevent the MPLA from being overrun by opposing forces.
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2.3.4 Comment on why South Africa wanted open and full support from the USA for its invasion of Angola.
Answer
South Africa sought open and full support from the USA to legitimize their actions in Angola, gain military backing, and ensure that they had the international backing necessary to counter perceived threats from the MPLA and communism.
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2.3.5 Evaluate the reliability of the source to a researcher studying the reasons for South Africa's participation in the Angolan civil war.
Answer
The reliability of the source is reinforced by its background as it discusses first-hand accounts and perspectives from those involved, giving a valuable insight into South Africa's motivations. However, bias may exist due to the subjective nature of the perspective presented, necessitating cross-verification with other sources.
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2.4.1 Comment on the implication of the words in the cartoon, 'ALL MAJOR HEMISPHERES ACCEPTED', regarding Cuba's military support to other parts of the world.
Answer
The phrase implies that Cuba was positioning itself as a key player on the international stage, willing to extend its military support to various nations, signifying a commitment to exporting its ideology and supporting revolutionary movements globally.
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2.4.2 Explain the implications of the words, 'EASY TERMS', regarding Cuba's conditions of supporting Angola militarily.
Answer
The phrase 'EASY TERMS' suggests that Cuba was willing to provide military support without overly burdensome conditions, appealing to nations like Angola that needed assistance while also wanting to maintain some sovereignty and flexibility.
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2.4.3 Using the information in the source, comment on how Fidel Castro is depicted in this cartoon in terms of his foreign policy.
Answer
Fidel Castro is portrayed as an ambitious leader committed to fostering revolutionary movements worldwide, emphasizing his role as a supporter of anti-imperialist causes and portraying Cuba as a defender of socialist principles.
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2.5 Refer to Sources 2C and 2D. Explain how the evidence in Source 2C supports the information in Source 2D regarding the role Cuba played in the Angolan Civil War.
Answer
Evidence from Source 2C demonstrates Cuba's active military involvement in supporting the MPLA, aligning with Source 2D which highlights Castro's intention to assist revolutionary movements globally, thereby reinforcing the claim of Cuba's significant role in sustaining Angola's independence effort.
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2.6 Using the information in the relevant sources and your own knowledge, write a paragraph of about EIGHT lines (about 80 words) explaining why foreign countries became involved in the Angolan Civil War in the 1970s.
Answer
Foreign countries became involved in the Angolan Civil War primarily due to the geopolitical dynamics of the Cold War, where the USA and Cuba sought to expand their influence. The USA supported the FNLA to curb communism and bolster pro-Western governance, while Cuba sent troops to back the MPLA as part of its broader ideological commitment to supporting revolutionary movements. This involvement was also driven by national interests and the quest for resources in the region.