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HOW DID THE INTERVENTION BY FOREIGN POWERS INTENSIFY COLD WAR TENSIONS IN ANGOLA BETWEEN 1974 AND 1976? Study Sources 2A, 2B, 2C and 2D and answer the questions that follow - NSC History - Question 2 - 2018 - Paper 1
Question 2
HOW DID THE INTERVENTION BY FOREIGN POWERS INTENSIFY COLD WAR TENSIONS IN ANGOLA BETWEEN 1974 AND 1976? Study Sources 2A, 2B, 2C and 2D and answer the questions tha... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:HOW DID THE INTERVENTION BY FOREIGN POWERS INTENSIFY COLD WAR TENSIONS IN ANGOLA BETWEEN 1974 AND 1976? Study Sources 2A, 2B, 2C and 2D and answer the questions that follow - NSC History - Question 2 - 2018 - Paper 1
Step 1
Explain the concept independence, in the context of Angola in the 1970s.
Answer
Independence in the context of Angola during the 1970s refers to the process of self-determination from Portuguese colonial rule. It encompasses the longing for political self-rule and the decolonization efforts that emerged after Portugal relinquished control over its colonies. This period was marked by the struggle of various Angolan movements to seek autonomy and establish governance free from foreign dominance.
Step 2
Name the THREE military movements in the source that fought for Angola's independence from colonial rule.
Answer
The three military movements that fought for Angola's independence as highlighted in the source are: 1. Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) 2. National Front for the Liberation of Angola (FNLA) 3. National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA).
Step 3
Give TWO provisions of the Alvor Agreement, as quoted in the source.
Answer
Two provisions of the Alvor Agreement as quoted in the source include: 1. Granting Angola independence and establishing a shared government. 2. Providing for a three-way power-sharing government among the military movements.
Step 4
Using the information in the source and your own knowledge, explain what is implied by the phrase 'Angola developed into a Cold War battleground'.
Answer
The phrase 'Angola developed into a Cold War battleground' implies that external powers became heavily involved in Angola's internal conflict, representing a larger geopolitical struggle during the Cold War. This involvement manifested through military support, financial resources, and ideological backing for different factions, such as the MPLA and UNITA. The implications include heightened tensions and parallels to the global divide between capitalist and communist blocs, with Angola becoming a site for proxy wars.
Step 5
Step 6
Quote THREE ways from the source which show that the United States of America supported UNITA.
Answer
Three ways the source indicates that the United States supported UNITA include: 1. Training Angolan combat units. 2. Supplying military equipment and financial aid. 3. Engaging in reconnaissance and supply missions.
Step 7
Using the visual clues in the source, explain the messages that are conveyed in the cartoon regarding the Soviet Union's (Russia's) involvement in Angola.
Answer
The cartoon conveys that the Soviet Union had significant control over Angola, depicted as a large hand gripping the country. It suggests that the USSR was heavily invested in Angola, facilitating military and political support for the MPLA while seeking to extend its influence and counter Western powers. This representation portrays the Soviet involvement as both manipulative and strategic in the context of the Cold War.
Step 8
Using the visual clues in the source, explain the messages that are conveyed in the cartoon regarding the United States of America's reaction to the Soviet Union's involvement in Angola.
Answer
The cartoon illustrates the United States' reactive stance toward the Soviet's actions in Angola, depicting a figure (possibly Kissinger) appearing aggressive toward the Soviet hand. It suggests a sense of urgency and a determination to counter Soviet influence, portraying the USA as taking steps to reinforce its own political and military support for its allies in Angola, thus emphasizing the tension between the two superpowers.
Step 9
Step 10
Why, according to the source, did a Cuban delegation visit Angola in August 1975?
Answer
According to the source, the Cuban delegation visited Angola in August 1975 to clarify the nature of support that Cuba would provide, effectively to offer military assistance to ensure the MPLA's position in the ongoing civil conflict.
Step 11
Using the information in the source and your own knowledge, explain why Cuba was willing to give Agostinho Neto 'dramatically more military support than he had asked for'.
Answer
Cuba's willingness to provide significantly more military support to Agostinho Neto reflected its ideological commitment to supporting socialist movements worldwide, seeing the MPLA as a critical ally. Their historical ties and the shared goal of combating imperialism influenced Cuba's decision, driven by the desire to establish a foothold in Southern Africa and counter US influence in the region.
Step 12
Comment on the usefulness of this source for a historian researching the intervention of foreign powers in the Angola civil war.
Answer
The source is useful for historians as it provides insights into the dynamics of international involvement in the Angolan Civil War, particularly highlighting the requests for assistance and the nature of military support offered. However, it may also have limitations, such as bias in portraying the extent of foreign influence or the complexities of local dynamics. Thus, while it is informative, it must be cross-referenced with other sources for a balanced view.
Step 13
Explain how the evidence in Source 2C differs from the information in Source 2D regarding the involvement of foreign powers in the Angolan Civil War.
Answer
Source 2C depicts the Soviet Union as having a strong influence over Angola, signifying its role as an active supporter of the MPLA. In contrast, Source 2D might present the USA's role and actions in a more critical light, emphasizing its hesitance and tactical priorities in relation to the Cold War dynamics. The juxtaposition of these sources offers a comprehensive view of the contrasting positions held by superpowers regarding Angola's internal strife.
Step 14
Using the information in the relevant sources and your own knowledge, write a paragraph of about EIGHT lines (about 80 words) explaining how the intervention of foreign powers intensified Cold War tensions in Angola between 1974 and 1976.
Answer
The intervention of foreign powers in Angola notably escalated Cold War tensions through direct support of conflicting groups. The Soviet Union's backing of the MPLA juxtaposed against the USA's support for UNITA exhibited the sharp divide between communist and capitalist ideologies. This proxy conflict drew in military resources and ideological framing, solidifying Angola's status as a battleground for superpower rivalry. The interplay of local aspirations for independence intertwined with global geo-political interests exacerbated the regional instability between 1974 and 1976.